摘  要  昆虫资源丰富，历史悠久，且作用多样，具有食用、药用和工业价值。近年来，因药用昆虫发挥治疗作用的特异性、活性成分的复杂性以及资源的丰富性使得药用昆虫成为研究热点。药用昆虫种类繁多，具有多种入药形式，其活性成分丰富，呈现多样的药理价值和作用。测序技术的发展进一步推动了药用昆虫领域的研究，使药用昆虫的功效得以更深入阐释，同时也创造了发掘新药用功效的可能。本文在总结我国药用昆虫的种类、药用昆虫虫药制剂作用和功效的基础上，深入分析并归纳总结了药用昆虫氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪类、生物碱、多糖、甾类物质、黄酮类和萜类等活性成分在抗肿瘤、抗菌消炎、治疗心血管疾病、降血脂、保护胃肠道和抗溃疡等方面的药理作用机制及其在临床上的应用研究进展，为未来药用昆虫的研究提供了参考。

Abstract  Insects are a source of abundant edible, medicinal and industrial, resources. In recent years, medicinal insects have become the focus of considerable research due to their therapeutic effects, the complex nature of their active compounds, and the abundance of available insect resources. Medicinal insects encompass a wide variety of species and possess a rich assortment of active ingredients with a range of pharmacological benefits and effects. The advent of sequencing technology has greatly facilitated research on medicinal insects, enabling more comprehensive exploration of their potential medicinal value. This review summarizes medicinal insect species in China, the medicinal products derived from these, and provides a comprehensive analysis of the amino acids, proteins, lipids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and other active ingredients found in medicinal insects. The pharmacological effects of insect-derived medicinal products, including anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disease treatment, blood lipid reduction, gastrointestinal tract protection and anti-ulcer effects, are summarized and progress in research on the clinical applications of these are discussed.