摘  要  【目的】 生物多样性是地球生命的基础，昆虫作为地球上多样性最高的生物，对维持生态系统的稳定具有重要意义。随着三峡工程建设，三峡工程对生物多样性的影响成为具有争议的话题，且在三峡工程建成以来，至今尚未有对三峡坝区昆虫多样性调查的系统研究。本研究旨在摸清三峡坝区昆虫种群种类和数量，明确三峡坝区昆虫多样性和种群分布。【方法】 2022年于5月、8月和10月通过样线法、灯诱法和马来氏网法对三峡坝区昆虫的种类进行3次调查。【结果】 本试验设置84条样线、4次灯诱及3个马来氏网，共采集昆虫1 276头，隶属于11目84科158属174种，优势类群分别是鳞翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目。以样线法调查到的昆虫数据进行多样性分析，三峡坝区分水岛珍稀植物科研示范区Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高，分别为3.135 6和6.131 0；三峡东岳庙大数据中心沿江区域Pielou均匀度指数最高，为0.983 0。【结论】 三峡坝区内昆虫资源丰富，发现中国物种红色名录易危（Vulnerable，VU）昆虫密纹矍眼蝶Ypthima multistriata、阳彩臂金龟Cheirotonus jansoni，以及无危（Least concern, LC）昆虫16种，说明三峡坝区生态环境良好，为昆虫的栖息和繁衍提供了理想的场所。

Abstract  [Aim]  Biodiversity is the foundation of life on earth, and insects represent the most diverse organisms. Maintaining the stability of the ecosystem is vital. The construction of the Three Gorges Project has attracted controversy due to its impact on biodiversity. Since the completion of the Three Gorges Project, no systematic research has been carried out on the insect diversity within the Three Gorges Dam Area. This study aimed to explore the diversity and density of insect species and their population distributions within the Three Gorges Dam Area. [Methods]  During May, August, and October of 2022, we sampled insect activity, including occurrence period, outbreak period, and overwinter period, in the Three Gorges Dam Area using transect lines, light traps, and Malay nets. [Results]  A total of 1 276 insects, belonging to 11 orders, 84 families, 158 genera, and 174 species, were collected from 84 transect lines, 4 light traps, and 3 Malay nets. The dominant groups were Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. Insect diversity analysis using the sample line method showed that the Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef richness index were the highest in the Rare Plant Research Demonstration Area of Binshui Island in the Three Gorges Dam Area, with 3.135 6 and 6.131 0, respectively. Furthermore, the Pielou evenness index was highest in the riverine area of the Three Gorges Dongyuemiao Big Data Center, with 0.983 0. [Conclusion]  The results indicate abundant insect resources in the Three Gorges Dam Area, including two species, Ypthima multistriata and Cheirotonus jansoni, listed in the China Species Red List as vulnerable (VU) and 16 species listed as insects of least concern (LC). Furthermore, the findings suggest that the ecological environment of the Three Gorges Dam Area is suitable for insect habitation and breeding.