雌蜂日龄和寄主虫态对亚利桑那跳小蜂寄生行为和子代蜂发育表现的影响
Effects of host life stage and female wasp’s age on parasitizing behaviors and offspring developmental consequences in Aenasius arizonensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
吕宇佳1 郭晓萌2 秦文权1 孟 玲1 李保平1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.099
作者单位：1. 南京农业大学植物保护学院；2. 江苏省丘陵地区镇江农业研究所
中文关键词：扶桑绵粉蚧；传统生物防治；寄生性天敌；入侵害虫；日龄；寄主品质
英文关键词：Phenacoccus solenopsis; classical biological control; parasitoid natural enemy; invasive insects; age; host quality
中文摘要：【目的】 本研究旨在明确雌蜂日龄如何影响亚利桑那跳小蜂Aenasius arizonensis对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis不同虫态寄主的寄生行为和子代蜂发育结果。【方法】 分别以扶桑绵粉蚧3龄若虫和刚羽化雌成虫为寄主，每日供雌蜂寄生直至其死亡，观测雌蜂的检查寄主和产卵行为（触角敲击寄主的时间和频次，产卵器刺扎寄主的频次）以及产出的子代蜂成虫体型大小；分析这些特征随雌蜂日龄增长的变化趋势如何受寄主龄期的影响。【结果】 亚利桑那跳小蜂对粉蚧雌成虫的触角敲击时间长于对粉蚧3龄若虫的敲击时间，但与雌蜂日龄无关；产卵器刺扎粉蚧成虫的时间长于刺扎3龄若虫，均随雌蜂日龄增大而延长，但产卵器刺扎寄主频次不受寄主虫态的影响，而随雌蜂日龄增大而大幅降低。寄生粉蚧成虫产出的子代蜂成虫体型大于寄生粉蚧3龄若虫的子代蜂，但雌蜂日龄对子代蜂体型大小没有影响。【结论】 亚利桑那跳小蜂雌蜂的日龄只影响其对扶桑绵粉蚧的探测行为，而寄主虫态既影响探测行为亦影响子代蜂发育表现。
英文摘要：[Aim] This study aims to
determine how female wasp’s age influences oviposition-related behaviors and
offspring developmental consequences of the parasitoid Aenasius arizonensis, a biocontrol
agent attacking different life stages of the invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus
solenopsis. [Methods] The 3rd
instar nymph and neonatal female adult of the mealybug were exposed to
parasitism by A. arizonensis females every day across their lifetime.
Female’s examination/ oviposition behaviors and offspring body size at eclosion
were measured and analyzed in relation to female age and host life stage at
parasitism. [Results] Aenasius
arizonensis females
exercised a longer time for both antennal tapping and ovipositor-drilling on
female adult mealybugs than on 3rd instarnymphs, but these behaviors were not
affected by female wasp’s age. Female wasps conducted more frequent drilling
with the ovipositor on the female adult mealybug than on the 3rd instar nymph
and markedly decreased the drilling frequency over female’s age. Body size of
offspring adults was larger from attacking the adult mealybug than attacking
the 3rd instar nymph but did not vary with female’s age. [Conclusion] Female wasp’s age only influences
host-examining behaviors while host life stage has an effect on both
host-examining behaviors and offspring developmental outcome.