蛹重及蛹饲养密度对黑水虻繁殖力影响
Effects of pupal weight and feeding densities on the reproduction of the black soldier fly, Hermetis illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
王凤英1 李俊俊1 杨革玲1 石超宏2 顾文杰2
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2024.101
作者单位：1. 广州安芮洁环保科技有限公司；2. 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所
中文关键词：黑水虻；蛹重；蛹饲养密度；繁殖力；虫卵收益
英文关键词：Hermetis illucens; pupal weight; pupal feeding density; reproduction; egg income
中文摘要：
【目的】 资源昆虫黑水虻Hermetis
illucens成虫产卵效率低，在一定程度上制约了其推广应用。明确蛹重及蛹饲养密度对成虫繁殖力和虫卵生产效益的影响，有利于推动黑水虻规模化养殖进程。【方法】 在室内条件下，通过控制幼虫饲养密度，获得个体重量不同的黑水虻蛹，比较2种蛹重（小蛹130 mg/头和大蛹180 mg/头）及3种蛹饲养密度（3、6 和9 kg/笼）对黑水虻繁殖力的影响。【结果】 蛹重对黑水虻的蛹期、羽化率和成虫性比无显著影响（P > 0.05）。与小蛹相比，大蛹羽化的成虫产卵总量和平均单雌产卵量显著增加（P < 0.001）。随着蛹饲养密度的提高，大小蛹的虫卵总产量均极显著增加（P < 0.001），平均单雌产卵量均极显著降低（P < 0.001）。蛹重及蛹饲养密度对黑水虻卵孵化率无显著影响（P > 0.05），各处理组平均卵孵化率均≥89.24%。大蛹的卵蛹比和生产收益相比小蛹显著提高（P < 0.05）。大小蛹的卵蛹比随饲养密度的增高而显著降低（P < 0.05），生产收益随饲养密度的增高而显著提升（P < 0.05）。【结论】 黑水虻大蛹繁殖力显著高于小蛹，生产中可通过繁育大蛹来提高虫卵产量；蛹饲养密度可根据蛹与虫卵的市场价格实时调整，以获得最大经济收益。
英文摘要：[Aim] To determine how pupal weight and feeding densities affect the
reproduction of the black soldier fly, Hermetis illucens. [Methods] H.
illucens pupae of various weights were reared in a laboratory and
classified according to weight (c. 130 mg = lighter pupal weight, c. 180 mg =
heavier pupal weight ) and rearing density (3, 6 and 9 larvae kg/cage). [Results] There was no significant
different in the eclosion rate, eclosion period and sex ratio of lighter and
heavier pupae (P > 0.05). However, females that emerged from heavier
pupae had significantly higher average egg production and laid a greater
average number of eggs laid per female than those that emerged from lighter
pupae (P < 0.001). Although there was a
significant increase in egg production with increased rearing density (P < 0.001), the average number of eggs laid per female also significantly declined (P < 0.001). Pupal weight and larval feeding densities did not significantly affect
egg hatchability (P > 0.05). Females that emerged from heavier pupae had significantly higher
egg production, egg mass and pupal quantity, compared to those that emerged
from lighter pupae (P < 0.05). Although there was a
significant increase in egg production with increased rearing density (P < 0.05), egg mass and pupal quantity significantly declined (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Females
that emerged from heavier pupae were significantly more fecund than those that
emerged from lighter pupae. Egg production can be increased by producing
heavier pupae. Larval feeding density can be adjusted in real time according to
the market price of pupae and eggs to achieve maximum profit.