【目的】 二化螟Chilo suppressalis是水稻生产中重要的钻蛀性害虫，利用寄生蜂进行生物防治是控制二化螟的重要方法。本研究旨在明确四川稻区越冬代二化螟寄生蜂的种类和寄生情况，为寄生蜂资源在该地区的有效利用提供科学依据。【方法】 2019-2023年每年2-4月，在四川省6个主要稻区（通江、达川、兴文、合江、崇州和仁寿）采集越冬代二化螟，记录寄生蜂的种类和寄生率，克隆寄生蜂28S rDNA序列进行分子鉴定，以10%蜂蜜水作为食物测定成虫寿命。【结果】 四川省6个主要稻区越冬代二化螟寄生蜂共7种，分别为螟甲腹茧蜂Chelonus munakatae、稻螟小腹茧蜂Microgaster russata、中华茧蜂Amyosoma chinensis、螟黄足盘绒茧蜂Cotesia flavipes、大螟钝唇姬蜂Eriborus terebrans、夹色奥姬蜂Auberteterus alternecoloratus和绒茧灿金小蜂Trichomalopsis apanteloctena。分子鉴定获得7种寄生蜂的28S rDNA D2区序列，系统发育分析显示各寄生蜂均与同科种类聚类在相同分支。2019-2023年越冬代二化螟的被寄生率分别为6.28%-11.78%、0.81%-5.50%、0.88%-14.34%、2.34%-16.60%和3.47%-18.07%。螟甲腹茧蜂对越冬代二化螟的寄生率最大，其次为螟黄足盘绒茧蜂、大螟钝唇姬蜂和稻螟小腹茧蜂，这4种寄生蜂在6个主要稻区分布普遍。夹色奥姬蜂、螟甲腹茧蜂、大螟钝唇姬蜂、稻螟小腹茧蜂和螟黄足盘绒茧蜂的成虫寿命分别为18.20、7.89、6.10、5.69和2.74 d。【结论】 四川稻区越冬代二化螟寄生蜂种类丰富，利用寄生蜂防控水稻二化螟具有较大的应用潜力。

[Aim]  To clarify the parasitoid species and parasitic status of the overwintering population of the rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) in Sichuan, thereby providing a foundation for the utilization of parasitoids as agents of biological control for this pest. [Methods]  Specimens of the overwintering population of C. suppressalis were collected from 6 sites in Sichuan from February to April each year between 2019 and 2023. Parasitoid species were identified by morphology and 28S rDNA sequences. The parasitism rate was also recorded. Adult longevity of parasitoids was determined using honey water as a food source. [Results]  Seven species of parasitoids of the overwintering population of C. suppressalis were identified, including Chelonus munakatae, Microgaster russata, Amyosoma chinensis, Cotesia flavipes, Eriborus terebrans, Auberteterus alternecoloratus and Trichomalopsis apanteloctena. Sequences of the 28S rDNA D2 region of 7 species were obtained. A phylogenetic tree based on 28S D2 variation indicates that every parasitoid clustered with species in the same family. Parasitism rates of the overwintering population for each year between 2019 and 2023 were 6.28%-11.78%, 0.81%-5.50%, 0.88%-14.34%, 2.34%-16.60% and 3.47%-18.07%. C. munakatae was the most common parasite followed by E. terebrans, C. flavipes and M. russata. These four species are widely distributed in Sichuan Province. Average lifespans of A. alternecoloratus, C. munakatae, E. terebrans, M. russata and C. flavipes were 18.20, 7.89, 6.10, 5.69 and 2.74 days, respectively. [Conclusion]  An abundance of parasitoids parasitize the overwintering population of C. suppressalis in rice fields of Sichuan. There is consequently considerable potential for using parasitoids to improve the management of C. suppressalis in Sichuan Province.