防虫网室对梨小食心虫的防治效果
The optimum size of insect-proof mesh for reducing crop damage by Grapholita molesta in orchards
徐金涛1** 魏姿涵2 郝宝锋1 孙圣杰2 高旭辉2 李 贞2 张松斗2 刘晨曦 2 刘小侠 2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.050
作者单位：1. 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所，昌黎 066600； 2. 中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193
中文关键词： 梨小食心虫；适飞高度；防虫网室；种群动态；蛀果率
英文关键词： Grapholita molesta; flight height; insect-proof screen; occurrence dynamics; fruit decay rate
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确河北省昌黎地区梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta的发生动态及飞行规律，筛选出最佳的防虫网室孔径规格。【方法】 连续2年（2018-2019）于河北省农林科学院昌黎果树所基地梨园内分别悬挂1、2、3、4和5 m不同高度的性诱捕器，调查梨小食心虫的发生情况，明确梨小食心虫的适飞高度，将不同规格孔径的围网和顶网组合，调查防虫网室内梨小食心虫的发生动态及蛀果率，筛选最佳防治组合。【结果】 比较不同高度性诱捕器对梨小食心虫成虫的诱捕效果发现，在2 m左右诱捕量较高；与露天区相比，防虫网室内的梨小食心虫发生量和蛀果率均显著降低（df=16, F=13.360, P≤0.001; df=16, F=7.817, P≤0.05）。围网网孔规格为0.3 cm×0.3 cm时，梨小食心虫的全年诱捕量可从150头/诱捕器降至40头/诱捕器以下，蛀果率由70.0%减少至15.9%；围网网孔规格相同，顶部网孔规格不同的防虫网室间无显著差异（df=6, F=1.818, P=0.069）。【结论】 梨小食心虫成虫在梨园内的活动高度主要集中在2 m左右，虽然顶网的设计对梨小食心虫的阻隔效果所起作用不大，但其在无袋栽培中承担着防雹和防鸟的重要作用，从防控效果和经济情况来考虑，围网网孔规格为0.3 cm×0.3 cm、顶网网孔规格为2.0 cm×2.0 cm的防虫网室为最优组合。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To clarify the population
dynamics patterns of Grapholita molesta in Changli, Hebei Province, and
to optimize the size of insect-proof mesh to protect orchard fruits from this
pest. [Methods] Pheromone traps
were hung at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m heights in the insect-proof screens during 2018-2019
in experimental orchards at the Changli Fruit Research Station, Hebei Academy
of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Both inside, and outside, enclosures
screened with insect-proof mesh of different sizes, and the number of insects
captured was recorded and compared. Population dynamics and the rate of fruit
decay were investigated by setting different combinations of purse seine and
top nets with different sized mesh to identify the optimal mesh size. [Results] More G. molesta were caught in
traps set at 2 m. Compared to the unscreened area, the number of G. molesta and rate of fruit decay were significantly reduced (df=16, F=13.360, P≤0.001; df=16, F=7.817, P≤0.05)
within the screened areas. A mesh size of 0.3 cm×0.3 cm reduced the number of G.
molesta captured annually from 150 to 40 per trap, and the fruit decay rate
from 70.0% to 15.9%. There was no obvious difference between areas screened
with the same mesh size, but different top mesh size (df=6, F=1.818, P=0.069). [Conclusion] Most
adult G. molesta in pear orchards fly at a height of about 2 m. Although
the size of the top mesh had no significant effect on the number of G.
molesta trapped, it plays an important role in preventing damage from hail
and birds. Insect-proof mesh of 0.3 cm×0.3 cm with a top mesh size of 2.0 cm×2.0
cm is the most cost-effective choice for reducing damage to orchard fruits from G. molesta.