【目的】 旨在探究中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana强群和弱群的相关代谢差异及潜在分子调控机制。【方法】 通过液相色谱-质谱联用（Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，LC-MS）联用的非靶向代谢组学筛选中华蜜蜂强群和弱群之间的差异代谢物，并进行KEGG富集分析。利用生化方法测定谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和细胞色素P450（CYP450）活性。【结果】 中华蜜蜂强群和弱群的工蜂在代谢组学检测到的正、负离子模式下分别有616和212个差异代谢物，注释后筛选到甜菜碱、黄酮类化合物、赖氨酸磷脂酸等与蜜蜂抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、防止细胞凋亡相关的代谢物。中华蜜蜂强弱群间的差异代谢物显著富集于CYP450、AMPK信号通路、谷胱甘肽代谢、精氨酸生物合成、生热作用、叶酸生物合成等代谢通路。此外，工蜂强群体内CYP450浓度，SOD及GST活性均高于弱群。【结论】 中华蜜蜂强群与弱群在代谢物组成上存在显著差异，强群中工蜂的抗氧化应激、能量代谢、抵御外界环境温度和有害物质侵害、抗炎抗菌的能力更强。

[Aim]  To investigate metabolic differences and potential regulatory mechanisms related to colony strength in Apis cerana cerana. [Methods]  Metabolites in strong and weak colonies were screened using non-targeted metabolomics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), after which KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450), activity were determined using biochemical methods. [Results]  In positive and negative ion modes, 616 and 212 distinct metabolites were identified in workers from strong and weak colonies. After annotation, betaine, flavonoids, lysoPA (0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), and other metabolites related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-apoptosis, were identified. Differential metabolites were significantly enriched in six metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, the AMPK signaling pathway, the glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, thermogenesis and folate biosynthesis. In addition, CYP450, SOD and GST activity was higher in strong colonies than in weak ones. [Conclusion]  There were significant differences in the metabolites of strong and weak A. c. cerana colonies. Worker bees in strong colonies had a stronger energy metabolism, and were better able to resist oxidative stress, extreme temperatures, exposure to harmful substances, inflammation and bacterial infection.