功能植物驱动的外来入侵害虫生态 防控的理论与技术
The ecological control of alien invasive pests by functional plants
颜 越1** 戈 峰2 刘贾婧3 门兴元2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.099
作者单位：1. 山东农业生态与资源保护总站，济南 250100；2. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所， 山东省农业有害生物绿色防控重点实验室，济南 250100；3. 中国农业大学，北京 100083
中文关键词：功能植物；外来入侵害虫；生态防控；尺度失配；生态工程
英文关键词：functional plants; invasive alien insect pests; ecological pest control; scale mismatch; ecological engineering
中文摘要：外来入侵害虫已成为威胁农业可持续发展的关键生物因子，其通过重构食物网结构、改变资源利用方式并打破生态过程的时空耦合，使农田生态防控由稳态调控系统转向非平衡动态系统。在此背景下，功能植物作为连接植物-害虫-天敌多营养级互作的关键节点，为外来入侵害虫的生态防控提供了新的调控路径。本文系统梳理了功能植物驱动生态防控的理论基础，揭示其通过资源供给、行为调控与食物网重构增强生态防控服务的机制。进一步提出，在入侵情境下，生态防控面临资源与功能匹配失效、时空过程失配及系统与管理约束等关键限制，导致调控效果呈现情境依赖性。基于此，构建了面向约束机制的功能植物驱动技术体系，强调通过功能性状导向筛选、多尺度空间配置及多机制协同，实现由局部干预向系统调控的转变。总之，功能植物驱动的生态防控为应对入侵害虫提供了重要途径，但其稳定应用仍依赖于机制解析与跨尺度整合。未来需发展面向非平衡动态系统的新理论与技术体系，以支撑农业绿色转型与生物安全。
英文摘要：Invasive, alien, insect pests have become a major threat to agricultural sustainability. By restructuring food webs, altering resource utilization, and disrupting the spatiotemporal coupling of ecological processes, they drive agroecosystem pest regulation from a steady-state system toward a non-equilibrium dynamic system. Functional plants, acting as key nodes linking plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions, provide a novel pathway for ecological pest control. This study systematically synthesizes the theoretical foundations of functional plant-driven ecological control, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, including resource provisioning, behavioral regulation, and food web restructuring, that enhance biological control services. Furthermore, we identify critical constraints under invasion scenarios, including resource-function mismatches, spatiotemporal mismatches, and system-and management-level limitations, which lead to strong context dependency in control outcomes. Based on these constraints, a functional plant-driven ecological control framework is proposed, emphasizing trait-based plant selection, multiscale spatial configuration, and multi-mechanism integration to shift from local interventions to system-level regulation. Overall, functional plant-driven ecological control represents a promising strategy for managing invasive pests. However, its stable implementation depends on deeper mechanistic understanding and cross-scale integration. Future research should focus on developing new theoretical and technological frameworks tailored to non-eilibrium systems to support sustainable agriculture and biosecurity.