入侵害虫与微生物互作的化学生态学研究进展
Advances in research on the chemical ecology of interactions between invasive pests and microbes
宋佳乐1, 2** 许益镌1*** 唐 睿2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.100
作者单位：1. 华南农业大学植物保护学院，广州 510642；2. 广东省科学院动物研究所，广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室， 广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室，广州 510260
中文关键词：入侵害虫；微生物互作；化学生态学；挥发性有机物；信息素；绿色防控
英文关键词：invasive insect pests; microbial interactions; chemical ecology; volatile organic compounds; pheromones; green pest management
中文摘要：入侵害虫已成为威胁全球农业生产、生态安全和生物多样性的重大生物安全问题，其快速定殖、扩散及暴发成灾不仅与自身较强的环境适应能力密切相关，还高度依赖于与共生微生物建立的复杂互作关系及精密的化学通讯网络。近年来，随着化学生态学、微生物组学及多组学技术的发展，微生物在入侵害虫适应新生境、调控宿主行为及介导多营养级互作中的关键作用逐渐受到重视。本文梳理了微生物介导化学信号产生、化学信号感知与互作机制及绿色防控策略等方面的研究进展，重点归纳专性共生菌、兼性共生菌、肠道微生物、病原微生物及环境微生物在宿主营养代谢、免疫调控、生殖操纵、抗药性形成及生态适应中的功能；进一步总结了微生物参与信息素及挥发性有机物生物合成、调控植物挥发物释放以及介导植物-害虫-微生物多营养级化学通讯的分子机制，阐明了微生物既是化学信号的重要来源，也是调控昆虫行为和生态互作的重要驱动因子。在此基础上整理荟萃基于微生物源挥发性化合物的“推-拉”策略、共生菌介导的种群调控、沃尔巴克氏体与不育昆虫技术及CRISPR基因编辑融合技术，以及病原微生物与信息化学物质协同应用等绿色防控新策略，分析了其作用机制及应用潜力。综合现有研究认为，微生物通过重塑化学通讯网络促进入侵害虫对寄主植物和新环境的适应，是连接植物、害虫及天敌等多营养级生物互作的重要纽带，也是构建新一代绿色防控技术的重要理论基础。未来应加强微生物源活性挥发物生物合成机制解析，深化多组学与化学生态学交叉融合，建立人工智能辅助的活性挥发物高通量筛选体系，推动基因编辑、共生菌工程和合成生物学等技术与微生物资源开发相结合，并强化田间应用评价和生态安全风险评估，为重大入侵害虫绿色防控技术创新和农业可持续发展提供理论支撑与技术储备。
英文摘要：Invasive insect pests have become a major threat to global agricultural production, ecological security and biodiversity. Their rapid establishment, expansion, and outbreaks are closely associated, not only with their remarkable environmental adaptability, but also with their complex interactions with symbiotic microorganisms and sophisticated chemical communication networks. In recent years, advances in chemical ecology, microbiome research and multi-omics technologies have highlighted the pivotal roles of microorganisms in facilitating the adaptation of invasive insects to novel environments, the regulation of host behavior and the mediation of multitrophic interactions. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in microorganism-mediated chemical signal production, chemical signal perception and interaction mechanisms, as well as microorganism-based, environmentally-friendly pest management strategies. We first summarize the functions of obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts, gut microbiota, entomopathogenic microorganisms and environmental microorganisms in host nutrition, immune regulation, reproductive manipulation, insecticide resistance and ecological adaptation. We then discuss the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms participate in the biosynthesis of insect pheromones and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), regulate plant volatile emissions and mediate chemical communication within plant-insect-microorganism multitrophic interactions, highlighting that microorganisms are not only important sources of chemical signals, but also key drivers of insect behavior and ecological interactions. Furthermore, this review outlines emerging microorganism-based, environmentally-friendly control strategies, including push-pull systems based on microbial volatile compounds, symbiont-mediated population regulation, the integration of Wolbachia-based approaches with the Sterile Insect Technique and CRISPR gene editing, and the synergistic application of entomopathogenic microorganisms with semiochemicals. Their underlying mechanisms and potential for application are also discussed. Current evidence suggests that microorganisms facilitate the adaptation of invasive insect pests to host plants and novel environments by reshaping chemical communication networks, thereby serving as critical links connecting plants, herbivores, and natural enemies across multitrophic systems. These findings provide an important theoretical foundation for developing next-generation green pest management strategies. Future research should focus on elucidating the biosynthetic mechanisms of bioactive microbial volatiles, promoting the integration of multi-omics approaches with chemical ecology, establishing artificial intelligence- assisted high-throughput, screening platforms for bioactive volatile compounds, and integrating gene editing, symbiont engineering and synthetic biology with the utilization of microbial resources. In addition, greater emphasis should be placed on field validation and ecological risk assessment to facilitate the development of innovative, environmentally-friendly management technologies for invasive insect pests, and promote sustainable agricultural development.