植物内生真菌增强作物抗虫与天敌控害的上行-下行协同生态机制
Endophytic fungi enhance crop resistance and natural enemy-mediated pest control through bottom-up, and top-down, synergistic ecological mechanisms
王润瑶1, 2** 宋莹莹2 李丽莉2 尹淑艳1*** 门兴元2***
点击：131次 下载：3次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.102
作者单位：1. 山东农业大学，泰安 271018；2. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所， 山东省农业有害生物绿色防控重点实验室，济南 250100
中文关键词：植物内生真菌；作物抗虫性；天敌控害；上行-下行调控；生态防控
英文关键词：endophytic fungi; crop resistance; natural enemy-mediated pest control; bottom-up and top-down regulation; ecological pest management
中文摘要：
植物内生真菌广泛定殖于植物组织内部，能够通过调控植物生长发育、防御代谢和多营养级生物互作，在农业害虫绿色防控中发挥重要作用。内生真菌不仅可通过激活茉莉酸（Jasmonic acid, JA）、水杨酸（Salicylic acid, SA）等防御信号途径，促进苯并
嗪类、生物碱和黄酮类等防御性次生代谢物积累，增强作物对刺吸式和咀嚼式害虫的直接抗性（上行调控）；还可通过重塑植食者诱导植物挥发物（Herbivore-induced plant volatiles, HIPVs）释放谱系，增强寄生蜂、捕食性天敌等自然天敌的定向搜寻与控害能力（下行调控），从而形成上行抗虫-下行控害协同放大效应。本文系统综述了植物内生真菌增强作物抗虫性和促进天敌控害的研究进展，重点阐述其在激素信号调控、次生代谢重编程、挥发物介导的信息传递以及多营养级互作中的生态机制；在此基础上，整合功能植物生态工程理论，构建内生真菌-作物-害虫-天敌-功能植物多维生态调控框架。最后，对内生真菌定殖稳定性、多菌株协同作用、田间应用效果及生态安全性等关键科学问题进行了展望，以期为农业害虫生态防控技术创新和可持续农业发展提供理论依据与实践参考。
英文摘要：Endophytic fungi are widely distributed within plant tissues and play a significant role in the control of agricultural pests by regulating plant growth and development, the plant defense metabolism and via multitrophic interactions. Endophytic fungi not only promote the accumulation of defensive secondary metabolites, such as benzoxazines, alkaloids and flavonoids, but by activating defense signaling pathways, like the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, enhance plants’ resistance to sucking and chewing pests (bottom-up regulation). They can also reshape the release profile of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), thereby enhancing the targeted search and pest control capabilities of parasitic wasps, predatory insects and arachnids (top-down regulation). By doing this they create a synergy between “upward insect resistance and downward pest control.” This paper systematically reviews progress in research on how endophytic fungi enhance the resistance of plants to insects and promotes the biological control of pests by their natural enemies, focusing on ecological mechanisms in hormonal signaling regulation, secondary metabolite reprogramming, volatile-mediated signal transduction and multitrophic interactions. From this basis, it integrates the theory of functional plant ecological engineering to construct a multidimensional ecological regulation framework comprising “endophytic fungi, crops, pests, natural enemies and functional plants.” Finally, prospects for future research on key scientific issues, such as the stability of endophytic fungal colonization, the synergistic effects of multiple strains, field application effectiveness and ecological safety, are discussed, with the aim of providing theoretical support and a practical reference for future innovation in ecological pest control technology and sustainable agricultural development.