绿僵菌生物防治制剂田间抗逆性提升技术研究进展*
Progress in research on enhancing the field stress tolerance of Metarhizium mycoinsecticides
张芷娴1, 2** 张姗姗1, 2 卓富彦3 郭 伟1, 2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.108
作者单位：1. 中国科学院动物研究所，动物多样性保护与有害动物防控全国重点实验室，北京 100101； 2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；3. 全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100026
中文关键词：绿僵菌；昆虫病原真菌；非生物胁迫；抗逆性；生物防治
英文关键词：Metarhizium; entomopathogenic fungi; abiotic stress; stress tolerance; biological control
中文摘要：绿僵菌属Metarhizium的昆虫病原真菌是农业害虫绿色防控体系的重要微生物农药资源，生态安全性高。然而，田间强紫外辐射、高温、干旱等非生物胁迫易造成分生孢子失活、侵染能力下降，导致绿僵菌制剂田间防效不稳定。本文基于绿僵菌侵染机制阐述了非生物胁迫对绿僵菌的损伤机制，进而从菌株遗传改良、发酵条件优化和外源助剂保护三个层面归纳了绿僵菌抗逆性提升技术的研究进展，对比分析了各技术路径的作用特点、适配场景与发展局限。最后对未来绿僵菌多胁迫响应机制解析、基因工程改造以及抗逆技术体系构建的发展方向进行了展望，旨在为开发田间稳定性强、防效显著的绿僵菌生防制剂提供理论参考与技术框架，推动微生物农药在绿色农业中的应用与推广。
英文摘要：Entomopathogenic fungi within the genus Metarhizium are important, environmentally-friendly, microbial, pesticide resources for the biological control of agricultural pests. Nevertheless, abiotic stresses, such as intense ultraviolet radiation, high temperature and drought, readily induce conidial inactivation and impaired infectivity, reducing the effectiveness of Metarhizium formulations. This review describes the infection process of Metarhizium and the mechanisms through which abiotic stresses affect this fungal genus. It summarizes progress in three areas of research on the enhancement of Metarhizium stress tolerance: improvement of genetic strains, optimization of fermentation conditions and exogenous adjuvant protection. The functional characteristics, applicable scenarios and limitations, for developing each strategy are comparatively analyzed. Finally, future research priorities are discussed, including the further elucidation of Metarhizium multi-stress response mechanisms, synergistic optimization of multiple technologies and the construction of standardized industrial systems. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and a technical framework for the development of cost-effective Metarhizium biocontrol formulations that have high stability in the field, and to facilitate the application and promotion of microbial pesticides in sustainable agriculture.