室内恒温和室外变温模式下的大豆蚜种群生命表比较*
Life table comparison for Aphis glycines populations reared under constant indoor temperature and natural outdoor temperature conditions
李文博1** 田睿林2 李新畅3 陈欢欢1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.113
作者单位：1. 曲靖师范学院生物与食品工程学院，曲靖 655011；2. 内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院， 呼和浩特 010022；3. 承德市农林科学院，承德 067055
中文关键词：大豆蚜；恒温；变温；生命表
英文关键词：Aphis glycines; constant temperature; fluctuant temperature; life table
中文摘要：【目的】 为探究室内外两种不同温度模式对大豆蚜Aphis glycines各生物学参数的影响。【方法】 本试验构建恒温（23 ℃）和自然变温（20-28 ℃）条件下大豆蚜的种群生命表。【结果】 3龄若蚜（P = 0.021）与成蚜发育历期（P = 0.045）表现差异显著。与室内恒温条件相比，室外变温条件下大豆蚜种群各龄若蚜存活率均高于室内种群，而雌蚜的存活率趋势则相反，种群繁殖力与平均单雌产仔量也表明室外变温种群的雌蚜繁殖力较强。两种温度模式下，室内恒温条件与室外变温种群的平均世代周期（T）分别为21.34和19.40 d，对应的周限增长率（λ）分别为1.13和1.14，内禀增长率（rm）分别为0.12和0.13，净增值率（R0）分别为22.28和22.62。【结论】 室外变温条件下大豆蚜种群适应性更强，对农作物生长的潜在威胁更重，研究结果有助于进一步揭示该害虫大田的发生规律。
英文摘要：[Aim] To evaluate influences of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes on biological parameters of Aphis glyicines. [Methods] Population life tables for Aphis glycines were constructed at a constant temperature of 23 ℃ and under naturally fluctuating temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 ℃. [Results] The developmental period of 3rd instar aphids (P = 0.021) and adults (P = 0.045) showed significant difference with the exception of female survival, the survival rate of aphids of all ages kept under outdoor variable temperature conditions was higher than that of those kept under indoor constant temperature conditions. Population reproductive capacity and average single female fecundity were also higher in the outdoor than the indoor population. For the two temperature treatments, populations under indoor constant temperature and outdoor fluctuating temperature exhibited mean generation times (T) of 21.34 and 19.40 d, finite rates of increase (λ) of 1.13 and 1.14, intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) of 0.12 and 0.13, and net reproductive rates (R0) of 22.28 and 22.62, respectively. [Conclusion] Soybean aphid populations have higher reproductive capacity under outdoor variable temperature conditions than under constant temperature conditions, and outdoor populations consequently pose a correspondingly greater potential threat to crop growth.