烟-药混合条带式种植的生态功能和经济效益*
The ecological function and economic benefits of mixed-strip planting of tobacco with medicinal plants
王梦婷1 金丽霞1 杨海林2 范吴蔚2 刘宁宁2 夏振远3 高 峰1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.117
作者单位：1. 中国农业大学植物保护学院，北京 100193；2. 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司，玉溪 653100； 3. 云南省烟草农业科学研究院，昆明 650021
中文关键词：烟草；药用功能植物；烟蚜；烟蚜茧蜂；瓢虫；食蚜蝇
英文关键词：tobacco; medicinal functional plants; Myzus persicae; Aphidius gifuensis; ladybug; hover fly
中文摘要：【目的】 烟草Nicotiana tabacum作为我国重要的经济作物之一，对我国经济的发展至关重要。烟草的集约化种植使病虫害发生日益加重，化学农药大量施用引发了严重的“3R”问题、环境污染甚至威胁人类健康，为找到更加环保高效的烟田病虫害防治方法。【方法】 本研究选取药用植物与烟草复合种植，以单作烟田和自然植被烟田为对照，通过对害虫及天敌调查、对烟草进行农艺性状调查和产量分级测定，明晰药用植物对烟田害虫种群动态及群落多样性变化的影响，探究烟田复合种植模式对烟草产量和品质的影响。【结果】 研究发现烟草与葫芦巴复合种植可显著降低烟草上烟蚜Myzus persicae和烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的种群密度，且显著（P＜0.05）增加寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌的种群密度；烟草与青蒿复合种植显著（P＜0.05）提高烟草寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌的种群密度；所有烟-药复合种植中益害比（天敌：蚜虫）均高于烟草单作处理，且烟草与葫芦巴、青蒿复合种植处理效果最佳。【结论】 结果表明烟草与药用功能植物复合种植，尤其与益母草、青蒿和葫芦巴的复合种植，可以显著提高烟草的农艺性状和产量，进一步促进烟田可持续高质量发展，获得更高的经济价值和生态效益。烟草与药用植物的混合条带式种植能够显著改善生态功能和经济效益，在未来的农业发展过程中具有重要的推广价值。
英文摘要： [Aim] Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), is an important economic crop in China and is crucial to the development of China’s agricultural economy. Intensive planting has, however, aggravated the occurrence of tobacco pests and diseases, the “3R” problem, environmental pollution, and even threats to human health caused by the application of many chemical pesticides. It is important, therefore, to develop more environmentally-friendly pest control methods. [Methods] Here, the benefits of planting of medicinal plants in conjunction with tobacco is evaluated, using tobacco monoculture fields and natural vegetation tobacco fields as controls. [Results] Planting fenugreek with tobacco significantly reduced the population density of Myzus persicae and Bemisia tabaci on tobacco plants, and significantly increased the population density of parasitic and predatory natural enemies of these pests. The population density of parasites and predators of tobacco pests was also significantly increased by co-planting with Artemisia annua. Natural enemies of Myzus persicae were higher when tobacco was planted with other plant species than in tobacco monocultures, however, co-planting with fenugreek and Artemisia annua was most beneficial. [Conclusion] Mixed-strip planting of tobacco with medicinal plants such as fenugreek or Artemisia annua Linn., can significantly reduce the abundance of insect pests and increase the abundance of their natural enemies, thereby controlling tobacco pests in an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective fashion. This kind of mixed-strip planting has considerable potential in future agricultural development.