武汉地区油茶传粉昆虫资源调查及DNA条形码进化分析*
Using DNA barcoding to investigate and identify insect pollinators of Camellia oleifera in Wuhan
夏剑萍1** 秦钰璇2 柳思宇2 罗 雪2 艾 辉2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.118
作者单位：1. 湖北省林业科学研究院，武汉 430075；2. 华中师范大学生命科学学院，武汉 430079
中文关键词：传粉昆虫；资源调查；DNA条形码；COⅠ基因；进化分析
英文关键词：pollinators; resource survey; DNA barcodes; COⅠ gene; phylogenetics analysis
中文摘要：【目的】 调查武汉市新造油茶Camellia oleifera林传粉昆虫的种类多样性，并建立准确、高效的传粉昆虫鉴定分类体系。【方法】 采用传统形态学分类方法对油茶传粉昆虫和林下蜜源植物进行系统调查，进而利用DNA条形码技术选取线粒体COⅠ基因进行PCR扩增，GenBank数据库序列比对分析确定主要传粉昆虫的种类，并在此基础上分析序列碱基组成特征和系统发育关系。【结果】 共获得46种油茶传粉昆虫DNA条形码序列，系统比较分析结果表明，武汉地区油茶林传粉昆虫存在较为丰富的遗传多样性，林下蜜源植物调查共记录58种，隶属28科46属，其中菊科（12种）和蔷薇科（6种）为优势种。【结论】 本研究为武汉地区利用传粉昆虫提高油茶授粉效率和产量提供了科学依据，建议优先保护菊科、蔷薇科等林下优势蜜源植物生境，避免过度清理林下植被，并在林缘进行人工补种，进一步促进传粉昆虫扩繁，推动乡村油茶产业协同提质增效。
英文摘要：[Aim] To investigate the diversity of pollinating insect species in newly established Camellia oleifera forests in Wuhan, and to establish an accurate and efficient taxonomic system for identifying these species. [Methods] A systematic survey of pollinating insects and understory nectar plants in C. oleifera forests was conducted using traditional morphological classification methods. DNA barcoding technology was then employed to amplify the mitochondrial COⅠgene via PCR. The sequences obtained were compared and analyzed with reference to the GenBank database to determine the identities of the major pollinating insect species. Base composition characteristics of the sequences and the phylogenetic relationships among species were further analyzed. [Results] DNA barcode sequences of 46 pollinating insect species were obtained. Comparative systematic analysis revealed that the pollinating insects of C. oleifera in Wuhan have relatively high genetic diversity. A survey of understory nectar plants recorded a total of 58 species, from 46 genera and 28 families, with the Asteraceae (12 species) and Rosaceae (6 species) being the dominant families. [Conclusion] This study provides a scientific basis for utilizing pollinating insects to improve the pollination and yield of C. oleifera in Wuhan. Priority should be given to protecting the habitats of the dominant understory nectar plants, such as those of the Asteraceae and Rosaceae families, avoiding excessive clearing of understory vegetation, and implementing artificial replanting along forest edges to further promote the abundance and diversity of pollinating insects and benefit the rural C. oleifera industry.