政策支持对蜂农饲养规模的影响分析*

The impact of policy support on the scale of beekeeping

曾 蜜1** 李道和1 颜伟玉2, 3 曾志将2, 3***

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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.119

作者单位：1. 江西农业大学经济管理学院，南昌 330045；2. 江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所，南昌 330045； 3. 蜜蜂生物学与饲养江西省重点实验室，南昌 330045

中文关键词：政策支持；蜂农；蜂场；饲养规模

英文关键词：policy support; beekeepers; apiary; colony size

中文摘要：

【目的】 调查了解我国现阶段蜂场蜂群饲养规模现状及其影响因素。【方法】 通过国家蜂产业技术体系和江西省蜂产业技术体系，收集了全国24个省（直辖市、自治区）939个蜂场实地调研数据，将每户蜂农饲养群数量作为研究对象，选取资金补贴、技术培训、销售服务和产品检测4个指标作为政策支持的切入点，借助实证模型探究政策支持及其4个指标对蜂农饲养规模行为决策的影响及作用机制。【结果】 政策支持及4个指标均对蜂农蜂群饲养规模具有显著正向影响。机制分析显示，政策支持主要通过提升单群养蜂收入与蜂蜜销售单价两条路径发挥作用：资金补贴与销售服务直接提高了单群收入，而技术培训与产品检测则通过提升蜂蜜单价间接推动规模扩大。异质性分析表明，政策支持及4个指标对不同资本禀赋的蜂农饲养规模的影响存在差异，人力资本、经济资本和社会资本均在其中发挥关键作用。【结论】 政策支持对蜂农饲养规模有显著正向影响，为政府制定蜜蜂产业发展政策与措施提供了依据和参考。

英文摘要： [Aim]  To investigate how aspects of policy support influence apiary size in China. [Methods]  Field survey data collected through the National Apiculture Industry Technology System and the Jiangxi Apiculture Industry Technology System from 939 apiaries in 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities was analyzed with the number of colonies per beekeeper as the response variable. The effects of four components of policy support: Financial subsidies, technical training, sales service, and product testing, were evaluated as potential explanatory factors. An empirical model was used to examine the impact and mechanism of policy support and its four components on colony size. [Results]  Both overall policy support, and each of the four potential explanatory factors, had a significant positive effect on apiary size. Mechanistic analysis revealed that policy support operates mainly through two pathways; increasing beekeeping income percolony and raising the unit price of honey. Specifically, subsidy and sales services directly raise the percolony income, whereas technical training and product testing indirectly promote apiary expansion by increasing the honey price. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effects of policy support and its four indicators differ among beekeepers with different capital endowments, with human capital, economic capital, and social capital, all playing key roles. [Conclusion]  Policy support has a significant, positive impact on apiary size. This finding provides a basis for the government to formulate policies and measures for the development of the apiculture industry.

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