鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾精准化学防治技术及应用*
Precision chemical control strategy for Spodoptera frugiperda on fresh maize
苏贤岩1** 胡 飞1 陈永田2 韩海亮3 聂僖曼4 谷凯鑫1 史雪岩5 王振营6
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.20951353.2026.120
作者单位：1. 安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所，合肥 230031；2. 安徽省无为市植保站，无为 238300； 3. 浙江省农科院玉米与特色旱粮研究所，东阳 322100；4. 合肥市农业经济技术服务管理总站，合肥 230041； 5. 中国农业大学植物保护学院，北京 100083；6. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100081
中文关键词：鲜食玉米；草地贪夜蛾；精准化学防治；施药时期；防治效果
英文关键词：fresh maize; Spodoptera frugiperda; pesticide application period; precision pesticides control; control effect
中文摘要：【目的】 探索鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda高效化学精准防治模式，减少防治次数并提高防治效果。【方法】 调查评价了移栽前及苗期、大喇叭口期和穗期施药对鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾的动态防治效果，构建了鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾全程精准化学防治技术模式。【结果】 鲜食玉米移栽前喷雾防治，药后14 d防治效果为60.90%±5.08%，药后23 d可保持在60.02%±4.79%，药后30 d降至16.04%±23.92%；移栽前+苗期喷雾防治各1次，末次药后3、7和14 d的防治效果分别为98.75%±2.80%、95.14%±8.13%和79.20%±8.43%，大喇叭口后期防效下降至22.00%±5.81%；大喇叭口期撒施颗粒剂防治1次，药后3和7 d的防治效果分别为70.06%±2.47%和34.93%±11.83%；抽雄期喷雾防治1次，穗期防治效果为71.90%± 27.06%至85.83%±14.91%，收获期没有出现被害穗，商品穗增产率达11.59%±6.93%。【结论】 移栽前喷雾防治1次，并在苗期、大喇叭口期和抽雄期各使用高效低毒化学农药防治1次，可有效控制鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾为害，其中移栽前和抽雄期喷雾防治对夏播鲜食玉米草地贪夜蛾防控具有关键作用。
英文摘要：[Aim] To develop an efficient and precise method of chemical control to control Spodoptera frugiperda in fresh maize crops, with the aim of reducing the frequency of chemical applications while improving control efficacy. [Methods] The effectiveness of pesticide applications at different maize growth stages, including the pre-transplanting, seedling stage, late whorl stage, and tasseling stage, were measured and compared to determine the optimal chemical control strategy for S. frugiperda in fresh maize crops. [Results] The efficacy of applying "sending-off" pesticide to fresh maize before transplanting was 60.90% ± 5.08% 14 days after application, remained at 60.02% ± 4.79 % after 23 days, then decreased to 16.04% ± 23.92% after 30 days. Combining an application of "sending-off" pesticide with one foliar spray at the seedling stage, achieved efficacies at 3, 7, and 14 days after application of 98.75% ± 2.80%, 95.14% ± 8.13%, respectively, and 79.20% ± 8.43%, after the final application, then declined to 22.00% ± 5.81% at the late whorl stage. A single application of granules at the whorl stage, achieved control efficacies at 3 and 7 days after application of 70.06% ± 2.47% and 34.93% ± 11.83%, respectively. A single spray at the tasseling stage, achieved control efficacy during the ear stage of from 71.90%± 27.06% to 85.83% ± 14.91%. No damaged ears were observed at harvest, and the proportion of marketable ears increased by 11.59% ± 6.93%. [Conclusion] One pre-transplanting application of pre-planting pesticide, combined with one spray of highly effective, low-toxicity chemical pesticides at the seedling, late whorl, and tasseling stages, can effectively control S. frugiperda in fresh maize crops. Of these pesticide regimes, the pre-transplant pesticide application and the tasseling-stage application play key roles in managing S. frugiperda in summer-sown fresh maize.