温度对副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂发育和繁殖的影响
Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of Metaphycus parasaissetia, an adult parasitoid of Parasaissetia nigra
温丽娜**,符悦冠***,张方平,金启安,张敬宝
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作者单位：中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 农业部热带农林有害生物入侵与控制重点开放试验室海南省热带农业有害生物检测监控重点试验室海南 儋州571737
中文关键词：橡副珠蜡蚧，副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂，温度，发育，繁殖
英文关键词：Parasaissetia nigra, Metaphycus parasaissetiae, temperature, development, reproduction
中文摘要： 通过观察副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus parasaissetiae Zhang and Huang在18，21，24，27，30，33和36℃恒温条件下的生长发育情况，求得其世代发育起点温度和世代有效积温分别为13.10℃和215.00日·度，建立世代发育历期预测式为N=［215.00±44.32］/［T-(13.10±3.24)］，世代发育速率与温度之间的关系拟合为S形曲线V=-e (1.33+37.73/T)，推算出该蜂在海南1年可发生18代。所设试验温度范围内，该蜂对橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra （Nietner）的寄生率在13.33%～20.00%范围内波动，30℃时寄生率最高；雌性比率在27℃时最大为70.03%。随着试验温度的升高，成蜂羽化相对集中，羽化持续时间逐渐缩短，羽化高峰提前。30℃条件下雌蜂终生产卵量最多，平均25.77粒。雌蜂寿命随试验温度的升高而逐渐缩短，同一恒温条件下补充20%蜂蜜水可显著延长雌蜂寿命。27～30℃可视为有利于副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂发育繁殖的适温范围，最适温度为30℃。
英文摘要： Under constant temperatures of 18℃, 21℃, 24℃, 27℃, 30℃, 33℃ and 36℃, the development and reproduction Metaphycus parasaissetiae Zhang and Huang, a parasitic wasp on Parasaissetia nigra （Nietner）, were studied. The developmental threshold and effective accumulated temperature of the wasp were 13.10 ℃ and 215.00 degreeday, respectively. Developmental duration of the wasp decreased with the increasing temperature, and the expected equation of developmental duration (N) against temperature (T) was N =［215.00 ± 44.32］/［T-(13.10 ± 3.24)］. The relationship between developmental rate (V) and temperature (T) was fitted to the sigmoid curve: V =-e (1.33 + 37.3 / T).It can be estimated that the wasp can finish 18 generations yearly in Hainan. The parasitic rate of the parasitoid on the pest fluctuated from 13.33% to 20.00% under the setting temperature, and reached the highest value (20.00%) at 30℃. The proportion of female wasps reached the highest (70.3%) at 27℃. With the increasing temperature, adult wasps tended to emerge concentratively, and more wasps eclosed earlier with a shortened duration of eclosion. The umber of eggs laid by each female reached the highest at 30℃, averagely 25.7 per female. The longevity of female wasps decreased with the increasing temperature, and the longevity could be significantly prolonged with the supplement of honey water. The suitable temperature range was from 27℃ to 30℃ for the development and reproduction of the parasitoid, and the optimal temperature was 30℃.