宽额螯蜂的幼期形态及生物学特性研究
The larvae morphology and bionomics of dryinid wasps， Dryinus latus
闫家河1*,王绍林2,丁世民3,夏明辉2,柏鲁林1,王宏琦2
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作者单位：1山东省商河县林业局商河251600； 2山东省济南市林业局济南250002； 3山东省平阴县林业局平阴250400
中文关键词：宽额螯蜂， 恶性席瓢蜡蝉， 寄生， 生活史， 生活习性
英文关键词：Dryinus latus, Sivaloka damnosus, parasitism, life history, habits
中文摘要：
宽额螯蜂Dryinus latus Olmi在山东商河寄生恶性席瓢蜡蝉Sivaloka damnosus Chou et Lu若虫，具有捕食和寄生的双重控制作用。首次明确该蜂寄主，记述其幼期形态特征、生活史、生活习性。在山东商河1年发生2代，以4龄老熟幼虫在茧内越冬。翌年4月下旬至5月上旬为化蛹盛期，5月中旬越冬代成虫开始出现，捕捉寄主若虫补充营养。成虫主要产卵于恶性席瓢蜡蝉3～5龄若虫前后翅芽下紧贴体背的淡绿色组织上。第1代卵历期平均78.1 h，幼虫孵化至脱囊平均历时209.5 h，产卵至脱囊平均历时280.0 h，蛹期平均386.4 h。幼虫作茧于枝条、叶片或地面枯叶上，茧外缀有枝条表皮或叶片碎屑。7月下旬至8月上旬出现第1代成虫，第2代幼虫8月上旬开始脱囊结茧越冬。野外寄生率27.8%～45.7%，控制作用显著。
英文摘要： The dryinid wasp Dryinus latus Olmi parastitizes on nymphs of Sivaloka damnosus Chou et Lu and takes double effects on controlling pests by virtue of predation and parasitism in Shanghe Country, Shandong Province. The host of D. latus was definitived, and the morphological characters, the life history and larval habits were described for the first time. D. latus has 2 generations per year in Shanghe Country. It overwinters as the 4instar in cocoons. The majority of larvae pupated from late April to early May. Adults of overwinter generation emerged in middle May, and captured S. damnosus larvae as the supply nutrition. Most of adults lay eggs on pale green tissue which was under the wing buds of 3～5instar nymphs of S. damnosus. The development time of the eggs, the larvae from hatching to taking off capsule and the pupae in the first generation were 78.1h, 2095h and16.1d, respectively. The larvae were spinning cocoons in twigs, leaves and fallen leaves, with some twigs and leaves attached to the cocoons. Adults in the first generation had emerged from late July to early August, and larvae in the second generation start to spin cocoons for over-winter in August. The percentage of parasitic was 27.8%～45.7% in the field, and control efficiency was obvious.