麦蚜天敌种群对农业景观格局的响应
The response of agricultural landscape pattern of wheat aphids and their natural enemies population
刘军和，禹明甫
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作者单位：黄淮学院生物工程系 驻马店463000
中文关键词：农业景观格局；麦蚜；天敌；种群动态
英文关键词：landscape complexity, cereal aphid, natural enemy, dynamics
中文摘要：研究表明不同景观格局影响昆虫的分布与多样性，本文选择复杂农业景观和简单农业景观的麦田景观为研究对象，调查研究了不同麦田景观结构对麦蚜天敌种群的影响。在简单与复杂两种农业景观结构下，分析了麦蚜天敌的迁飞时间、发生量、种群增长率、种群密度及寄生性天敌之间的差异。结果表明：复杂农业景观中麦蚜天敌的多样性较高，非作物生境比例较高的农业景观中天敌对麦蚜的自然控制作用较强。不同农业景观格局麦蚜重寄生蜂种群也存在较大的差异，复杂农业景观下寄生蜂的迁入量高于简单农业景观下寄生蜂的迁入量。复杂农业景观和简单农业景观对捕食性天敌的迁入时间影响存在差异。所有的捕食性天敌在复杂农业景观下发生量均高于简单农业景观下的发生量，捕食性天敌的总量也存在显著性差异。不同农业景观格局麦蚜种群增长速率和麦蚜稳定期的最大种群密度差异显著，两种农业景观格局中不同种类麦蚜初寄生蜂种群增长速率与最大种群密度差异较大。不同捕食性天敌和重寄生蜂在不同农业景观中种群增长速率与最大种群密度存在较大的差异。
英文摘要：The agricultural landscape greatly affects insect species composition and diversity. In this study, two agricultural landscapes, one complex and the other simple, were selected to analyze the effects of landscape complexity on the species diversity and dynamics of natural enemies of the cereal aphid. Immigration periods, the number of immigrants, population growth rate, and maximum population density were analyzed in the simple and complex agricultural landscapes. Species diversity of natural enemies was found to be greater in the complex landscape than that in the simple landscape. Natural enemies in the complex landscape exerted effective control on cereal aphids. The numbers of immigrating parasitoids in the complex landscape were higher than those in the simple landscape. Predators of cereal aphids displayed similar trends and the differences between landscapes were significant. Population growth rates and the maximum population densities of parasitoids and predators were significantly different between simple and complex landscapes.