北方硕螽行为模式的研究
Research on behavior patterns in Deracantha onos pallas
王静，赵敏，安建梅，芦荣胜
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作者单位：山西师范大学
中文关键词：螽斯总科 ,北方硕螽 ,行为模式 , 鸣声, 交配
英文关键词：Tettigonioidea；Deracantha onos Pallas; Behavior patterns；Calling song; Mating patterns
中文摘要：本文主要采取饲养观察与相机捕捉相结合的方法对北方硕螽Deracantha onos Pallas的行为模式，如若虫行为、常见行为、鸣声行为和交配行为模式进行了观察描记。并应用数据分析软件处理，从昆虫行为学角度，对北方硕螽的若虫到成虫时期进行了观察。结果表明：若虫不鸣叫，午间取食；其蜕皮与温度和食性有关。成虫在各种环境条件下均出现清理触角、触角摆动、行进及取食等行为；但在营养不良空间狭小情况下，还会出现同类相食。对性成熟雄性个体的鸣声进行了研究，分别在独雄、双雄和一雌一雄三种情况下，以24小时为周期进行观察，独雄鸣叫时间最长，一昼夜鸣叫时间为492.84min±82.52min,双雄时鸣叫时间最短，为239.85min± 40.55min，夜间几乎不鸣。食性和温度也对鸣叫时间有影响。鸣声是螽斯种内重要的通讯方式，在交配也会起到作用。交配时雌虫爬到雄虫的背部，雄虫尾部翘，雌虫尾部下弯，两性生殖孔相接，至雌虫生殖孔外挂精包为止。
英文摘要：This article mainly take the method of raising observation and capturing of camera to observe the basic behavior patterns of Deracantha onos Pallas such as research nymphal behavior, common behavior, acoustic behavior and mating behavior pattern for a brief description. It apply software for data analysis, from the angle of insect behavior to observe from nymph to adults. The results show that: Nymphs can not call, only in the afternoon there will be amount of feeding activity. Nymphal molt is related with temperature and diet. Adult in various environmental conditions all appear there will be clear tentacles, tentacles swing, moving and feeding and other behaviors but in the case of malnutrition and narrow space, the case of cannibalism occurred .To study on the sexual maturation of Deracantha onos Pallas calling under the cases of males alone, two males ,one male and one female, observing their behavior and recording the time of song in 24 hours. The longest time of calling is the case of male alone . The time of calling for 492.84min + 82.52min in a circadian time .The shortest time of calling for 239.85min + 40.55min in the case that have two males, and at night there will be no calling. Feeding an temperature also effect on calling time. Sound play an important role in species to communication , it also play a role in the mating patterns . When mating, females crawl to the male 's back, male tail was recurved ,female tail was bented, there is connected to the sexual reproduction hole, the mating behavior end up with female reproductive hole have hanged the spermatophores.