小尺度下柠条林破碎化生境对地表甲虫多样性的影响
Effects of Caragana scrubland fragmentation on finescale diversity ofgrounddwelling beetles in a desert landscape
张大治1,3**,马艳1,李岳诚2,于有志2,3,贺达汉2,3
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作者单位：1. 宁夏大学生命科学学院银川750021； 2 宁夏大学农学院银川750021；3 宁夏大学 西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室银川750021
中文关键词：地表甲虫，荒漠景观，昆虫多样性，生境破碎化
英文关键词：grounddwelling beetles, desert landscape, insect diversity, habitat fragmentation
中文摘要：一般认为，景观斑块面积和破碎化对物种丰富度和分布格局有重要的影响。在宁夏中部荒漠地区，天然柠条林和人工柠条林地交错排列，形成点、片、带状等大小不等的斑块性分布，表现为典型的破碎化斑块格局生境特征。本文采用巴氏罐诱法调查了在小尺度下荒漠景观人工柠条林破碎化生境不同斑块内地表甲虫的物种多样性。结果共获得10科20属29种地表甲虫，其中拟步甲科昆虫占绝对优势，阿小鳖甲Microdera kraatzi alashanica Skopin、克小鳖甲Microdera kraatzi kraatzi (Reitter)为优势种。Rarefaction曲线显示较大面积的斑块有较多的物种多样性，但群落多样性指数各斑间块差异不显著。利用斑块面积对物种数个体数进行回归分析表明，地表甲虫的物种多样性受斑块面积的影响，生境破碎化会导致地表甲虫多样性下降。
英文摘要：There is increasing empirical evidence that habitat size and fragmentation play an important role in determining species diversity and distribution patterns. Due to a number of physical and other factors, the Caragana scrubland in the arid zone of central Ningxia displays a pattern of dot, patch and strip fragments separated by natural and cultivated forest. To evaluate the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity of the shrubland, grounddwelling beetles were studied using pitfall traps. A total of 336 individuals of grounddwelling beetles was captured, representing 29 species from 20 genera. The dominant family was Tenebrionidae. Microdera kraatzi kraatzi Skopin and Microdera kraatzi alashanica (Reitter) were the dominant species. A rarefaction curve analysis showed that the larger patches had higher species diversity. However, there were no significant differences between diversity indices for individual patches. Regression analyses of patch area on species and the number of individuals showed that the diversity of grounddwelling beetles was influenced by patch area. Habitat fragmentation decreased the diversity of grounddwelling beetles.