吉林省二代区亚洲玉米螟危害趋势研究
Trends in occurrence of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), over two generations in JilinProvince
周淑香** 鲁 新*** 李丽娟 张国红 丁 岩 常 雪
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作者单位：吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所，公主岭 136100
中文关键词：亚洲玉米螟，发生趋势，二代玉米螟区
英文关键词：Ostrinia furnacalis, occurrence trend, two generation region
中文摘要： [目的】 明确吉林省二代区亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)发生趋势，为亚洲玉米螟的早期防治提供理论依据。【方法】2002—2013年采用田间调查的方法对吉林省二代区亚洲玉米螟的田间落卵量及为害趋势进行研究，同时分析田间落卵和为害情况的关系。【结果】 亚洲玉米螟1代卵始见期在6月14日左右，高峰期在6月25日左右，末期在7月15日左右；2代卵始见期在7月25日左右，高峰期在8月15日左右，末期在9月1日左右。1代落卵量呈整体下降趋势，2代落卵量呈整体增加趋势，两代之间微弱相关（r=－0.058，P=0.857）。百株虫孔数呈整体下降趋势，虫量和被害株率在年度间呈不规则波动，整体发生趋势12年间未发生明显变化。通过对亚洲玉米螟卵量和玉米受害情况进行相关分析和通径分析，表明亚洲玉米螟为害是两代共同作用的结果，1代落卵量对越冬虫量影响很小，秋季剖杆时玉米螟的越冬虫量主要由2代落卵量决定，但1代落卵量对秋季剖杆百株虫孔数和被害株率的贡献大于2代。【结论】 1代玉米螟发生重，秋季收获时虫孔数较多；2代玉米螟发生重，秋季收获时虫量较大；玉米螟秋季剖杆百株虫孔数整体下降，但被害株率没有发生显著变化，说明2代玉米螟为害呈逐年加重趋势。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the occurrence of the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), over two generation regions inJilinProvincein order to provide a theoretical basis for early control of this pest. [Methods] The number of egg masses deposited in corn fields were counted every three days from June to October 2002-2013 to determine the occurrence dynamics of ACB. Larvae of ACB, stalk cavities per hundred plants and the proportion of corn plants damaged by ACB were monitored in autumn to determine trends in corn damage. The relationship between the number of egg masses and the proportion of damaged plants was also analyzed. [Results] Egg masses of the 1st generation first appeared in the middle of June, peaked in abundance on 25 June and had disappeared by the middle of July. Egg masses of the 2nd generation appeared about 25 July, peaked in abundance in the middle of August and had disappeared by early September. The size of egg masses of the first generation displayed a downward trend whereas that of the second generation increased with weak correlation between the two generations (r= －0.058, P= 0.857) since 2002. Stalk cavities per hundred plants showed a decreasing trend, the number of larvae per hundred plants and the proportion of damaged plants fluctuated irregularly; the general trend was no obvious change among the 12 years. Correlation and path analysis of the relationship between ACB egg masses and the proportion of corn plants damaged, indicates that damage to corn plants is the result of both generations of ACB. The number of egg masses of the first generation had very little effect on the number of larvae overwintering at harvest time, which was mainly determined by the number of second generation ACB egg masses, however, first generation egg masses contributed more to the number of stalk cavities and proportion of damaged plants than those of the second generation. [Conclusion] Damage caused by the second generation of ACB shows an increasing trend.