双斑长跗萤叶甲在玉米田的种群消长规律
Population dynamics of Monolepta hieroglyphica Motschulsky)in cornfields
张 聪** 袁志华 王振营*** 何康来 白树雄
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作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193
中文关键词：双斑长跗萤叶甲，种群动态，种群密度，发生规律
英文关键词： Monolepta hieroglyphica, population dynamics, population density, occurrence regularity
中文摘要： 【目的】 明确双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica（Motschulsky）的发生规律，为双斑长跗萤叶甲的预测预报和综合治理提供科学依据。【方法】 2011年通过田间系统调查对山西省忻州市和晋中市玉米田的双斑长跗萤叶甲的种群消长动态进行了系统研究。【结果】 在山西省忻州市的玉米田，越冬卵在5月下旬开始孵化，幼虫以玉米根系为食，6月中旬为幼虫的发生高峰期，部分老熟幼虫开始化蛹，6月下旬成虫开始羽化出土，为害玉米叶片，8月初成虫种群数量达到最高峰，8月中旬以后随着玉米花丝大部分萎蔫，叶片开始衰老，玉米田间的成虫种群数量也急剧下降。10月中旬玉米田成虫基本消失，但是在杂草上还能发现少量的成虫。在山西省晋中市，玉米的生育期比忻州市晚10 d左右，双斑长跗萤叶甲的发生期也相对晚一些，但是种群数量的发生发展趋势基本是一样的。双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫在靠近杂草的玉米田边比在玉米田中部的发生更重，而在成虫的发生高峰期，田边和田中间的种群密度无显著性差异。【结论】 双斑长跗萤叶甲在山西省1年发生1代，在山西省忻州市的发生期比晋中市的要早10 d左右，这与两地玉米田的不同的土壤性质、灌溉方式、玉米生育期等因素有关。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To determine the frequency of occurrence of Monolepta hieroglyphica （Motschulsky） in corn fields, and to provide a scientific basis for forecasting and developing integrated management measures to control this pest. [Methods] The population dynamics of M. hieroglyphica were systematically studied in corn fields in Xinzhou and Jinzhong in ShanxiProvince. [Results] Overwintering eggs in corn fields ofXinzhou City,ShanxiProvince hatched in late-May and the neonate larvae bored into and made tunnels in corn roots for feeding. The peak period of M. hieroglyphica larvae was in mid-June after which some mature larvae began to pupate in soil. M. hieroglyphica adults began to emerge in late June with peak emergence in early August. The adult population in corn fields declined sharply after mid-August when most corn silks had withered and corn leaves had become yellow. M. hieroglyphica adults were not observed in corn fields in mid-October but were seen sporadically in weeds. The growth of corn in Jinzhong, where corn crops depend on rain for water, was 10 days slower than at Xinzhou where crops can be irrigated. Adults began to emerge later at Jinzhong than at Xinzhou, but trends in adult population dynamics were similar at both sites. The density of M. hieroglyphica adults was greater on the edges than in the center of corn fields but this difference was not statistically significant during the peak of adult abundance. [Conclusion] M. hieroglyphica has one generation per year inShanxiProvinceand emerge 10 days earlier at Xinzhou than Jinzhong. Soil surface characteristics, irrigation methods and corn growth rates are important factors that affect the emergence of M. hieroglyphica.