【目的】 转基因棉花已经在我国大量种植，未来气候变化下转基因作物分解与养分循环及作物产量密切相关，但是这种交互作用对凋落物分解及土壤动物的影响并不知道。【方法】 本文通过野外凋落物分解实验，研究了臭氧升高和转基因品种处理下棉花凋落物分解对跳虫的影响。【结果】 结果发现，无论是3次调查的总体分析还是在不同棉花生长期，不同棉花品种和臭氧浓度通过棉花凋落物对跳虫多度、类群丰富度和群落多样性指数均没有显著影响。但是有一些类群如棘跳和长跳在转基因棉花凋落物中显著减少，说明转基因棉花凋落物对跳虫某些类群存在一定影响，可能与转基因棉花凋落物中的高纤维素和木质素有关，因为这些可以影响跳虫的食物质量。【结论】 转基因品种和臭氧升高对跳虫总体并未产生显著影响，但是对一些敏感类群产生了显著影响，未来还需要对这些敏感类群进行长期的监测以保证土壤生态系统中多样性和功能的安全性。

    [Objectives]  Transgenic Bt cotton has been widely cultivated in China. Decomposition of transgenic plant litter under different climate scenarios should be closely correlated with nutrient cycling and plant productivity. However, the interactive effect of transgenic cotton and elevated ozone on soil fauna has not been previously studied. [Methods]  A field litterbag experiment including two cotton varieties (GK12 and its control SM3) and two ozone concentrations (ambient air and elevated ozone) was designed to investigate the effects of transgenic cotton litter and ozone on soil Collembola in 2009. [Results]  Our results show that, both overall and in different cotton growth stages, density, species richness, diversity and community structure of Collembola in litterbags were not impacted by transgenic cotton varieties and elevated ozone concentration. Some groups such as Onychiurus spp.and Entomobrya spp. did, however, significantly decrease in transgenic cotton litterbags. This might have be caused by poor litter quality (higher cellulose and lignin content) in the transgenic cotton treatment. [Conclusion]  Litter decomposition of transgenic cotton and elevated ozone concentration did not have a significant effect on soil Collembola over the course of a one year experiment, however, some sensitive groups significantly decreased in the transgenic cotton litter treatment. Future experiments should focus on these sensitive groups.