松毛虫赤眼蜂孤雌产雌品系田间控害作用研究
Biological control effect of thelytokous strain Trichogramma dendrolimi
丛 斌** 张统书** 胡志凤 类成平 张明珠 杨 哲 张柱亭 白鸿岩 董 辉
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.153
作者单位：沈阳农业大学植物保护学院，沈阳 110866
中文关键词：松毛虫赤眼蜂，孤雌产雌，生物防治
英文关键词：Wolbachia, Trichogramma dendrolimi, parthenogenesis, biocontrol
中文摘要：
【目的】 为明确感染Wolbachia的松毛虫赤眼蜂孤雌产雌品系对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果。 【方法】 2012和2013连续两年于沈阳地区玉米田间释放松毛虫赤眼蜂孤雌产雌品系和两性生殖品系。【结果】 2012年孤雌产雌品系对1代亚洲玉米螟卵寄生效果为66.39%，对2代玉米螟卵寄生效果为69.53%，与对照（松毛虫赤眼蜂两性品系）相比无显著差异（分别为56%，79.73%）（P≥0.05），2013年孤雌产雌品系对1代亚洲玉米螟卵寄生效果为56.20%，对2代玉米螟卵寄生效果为82.10%，与对照相比无显著差异（分别为52.24%，75.71%）（P≥0.05）。收获前期剖杆结果表明，2012年孤雌产雌品系及对照对玉米螟的防治效果分别为22.50%、27.50%，2013年分别为38.28%、21.09%，连续两年的防治效果无显著差异（P≥0.05）。【结论】 从田间试验结果可以看出，孤雌产雌松毛虫赤眼蜂品系可取得与生产用两性松毛虫赤眼蜂品系同期的防治效果，且孤雌产雌松毛虫赤眼蜂在种群增长速率、降低规模化培养成本、低密度种群下进入新生境并建立种群等方面都要优于正常松毛虫赤眼蜂品系，因此其具有很好的生防应用效果。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To clarify the effectiveness of the thelytokous Wolbachia-infected Trichogramma dendrolimi strain as a biological control for the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. [Methods] A thelytokous Wolbachia-infected, and an arrhenotokous uninfected, strain of T. dendrolimi were released on corn fields in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. [Results] In 2012, there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in the level of control of the Asian corn borer achieved by the two strains; the thelytokous strain reduced first and second generation Asian corn borer abundance by 66.3%, and 69.53%, respectively c.f. 56% and 79.73% for the arrhenotokous strain. Similarly, in 2013, the thelytokous strain reduced first and second generation Asian corn borer abundance by 56.20% and 82.10% c.f. 52.24% and 75.71% for the arrhenotokous strain. Nor was there a significant difference in the extent of crop damage between two strains (P≥0.05); in 2012 22.50% of the corn crop treated with the thelytokous strain was damaged c.f. 27.50% of the crop treated with the arrhenotokous strain , comparable values for 2013 were 38.28% and 21.09%, respectively. [Conclusion] The similar results achieved by both strains can be attributed to their high population growth rates, easier establishment at low wasp population densities, and the reduced costs of a mass rearing program. The thelytokous strain may have greater potential for application.