山西历山国家级自然保护区不同演化阶段林型蛾类多样性
Moth diversity in different forest successional stages in Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi
侯沁文1 白海艳1, 2** 铁 军1, 2 边高鹏1 史宝忠1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.155
作者单位：1. 长治学院生物科学与技术系，长治 046011；2. 太行山生态与环境研究所，长治 046011
中文关键词：不同林型，蛾类多样性，群落结构，历山国家级自然保护区，演化阶段
英文关键词： forest type, moths diversity, community structure, Lishan National Natural Reserves, succession stages
中文摘要：
【目的】 本文旨在揭示山西历山国家级自然保护区次生红桦林、次生针阔混交林和原始辽东栎林3种不同演替阶段林型蛾类多样性及群落结构特征。【方法】 在保护区内次生红桦林、次生针阔混交林和原始辽东栎林3种林型中分别设置3块样地，每块样地到林缘的距离≥100 m；于2012年7—8月采用灯诱法在不同林型中采集蛾类标本，并对3种林型分别进行蛾类群落组成、多样性指数比较分析。【结果】山西历山国家级自然保护区3种林型共采集蛾类标本6 090只，隶属23科221种，其中卷蛾科物种数和个体数最多，有41种1 217只，分别占总种数和总个体数的18.6%和20.0%。从不同演替阶段林型的蛾类群落组成来看，次生红桦林和原始辽东栎林蛾类种数显著高于次生针阔混交林（P=0.001，P=0.006），次生红桦林与原始辽东栎林蛾类种数差异不显著（P=0.080）。对数正态分布模型拟合结果表明，3种林型中蛾类种-多度均为对数正态模型（P>0.050）。对3种林型中蛾类物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度和α-指数进行了计算和分析，结果表明：蛾类群落均匀度与α-指数一致，与多样性指数不一致。从多样性指数来看，次生红桦林最高（2.971），次生针阔混交林次之（2.958），原始辽东栎林最小（2.472）；前两者之间差异不显著，前两者与后者差异均显著。从α-指数来看，稀有蛾类种数次生红桦林>原始辽东栎林>次生针阔混交林。采用Jaccard相似系数和Bray-Curtis Measure系数矩阵两种方式进行蛾类相似性比较，演替阶段相近蛾类群落结构不一定相似。【结论】 森林由次生林向顶级群落演替过程中，蛾类的优势类群、物种数和稀有种数均不完全一样；蛾类多样性降低，稀有种减少，优势种数量变化明显。蛾类所处环境中植被演替速度是决定蛾类群落演替进程快慢的主要因素。蛾类群落结构除了与演替阶段有关外，还与林型的植被情况有着密切的关系。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To reveal moth diversity and community structure characteristics in the three forest types: secondary red birch forest, secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest and original liaodong oak forest in Lishan National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province,China. [Methods] The three sample plots were set up >100 mfrom the forest edge in each of the three forest types. Moths were collected by light trapping in each plot in July and August 2012, and their community composition and diversity index analyzed. [Results] A total of 6 090 moth specimens were collected and 221 species from 23 families were identified. The Tortricoidae were the dominant family, with the most species (41) and individuals (1 217), comprising 18.6% of all species and 20.0% of all individual moths. Moth community composition and species abundance were both significantly higher (P=0.001, P =0.006, respectively) in the secondary red birch and original Liaodong oak forest than in secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, but moth species number did not differ significantly between secondary red birch and original Liaodong oak forest (P=0.080). The species-abundance curves of moths conformed to the lognormal distribution in all three forest types (P >0.050). Species abundance, diversity, evenness and alpha index of moths in the three forest types were calculated and analyzed. The results show that moth community evenness and alpha index were consistent and contrary to the diversity index. The diversity index was highest in the secondary red birch forest (2.971), followed by the secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest (2.958) and lowest in the original Liaodongoak forest(2.472), however, only the last difference was statistically significant. The Alpha index indicates that rare species were highest in secondary red birch forest followed by original Liaodongoak forestand least in secondary conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and Bray-Curtis Measure coefficient matrix were used to compare moth community structure in the different forest types. The results show that moth community structure is not necessarily similar in each forest type. [Conclusion] Dominant taxa, species and rare species differed in forest of different successional stages. Moth diversity decreased, rare species decreased, and the number of dominant species Change significantly from early successional to climax forest, presumably reflecting changes in habitat suitability. Moth community structure is related to forest successional stage and has a close relationship to forest vegetation conditions.