挥发性化合物对枯叶蛱蝶觅食的引诱作用
The attractiveness of volatile compounds to foraging Kallima inachus (Boisduval)
唐宇翀1，2** 陈晓鸣2*** 周成理2
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.157
作者单位：1. 广安职业技术学院，广安 638000；2. 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所，昆明 650224
中文关键词： 枯叶蛱蝶，挥发物，取食反应，引诱效果
英文关键词：Kallima inachus, volatile compounds, foraging responses, attraction
中文摘要：
【目的】 鉴于枯叶蛱蝶Kallima inachus(Boisduval) 在觅食过程中以嗅觉信息为主导，本研究试图找出吸引枯叶蛱蝶觅食的关键化合物。【方法】 本文利用顶空抽样法收集了西瓜、柿子、香蕉、苹果、橙和梨6种半腐烂水果的挥发物，并用GC/MS测定了其成分。然后从中筛选出5种挥发物以及前人报道的存在于腐烂发酵物中的乙醇和乙酸，通过田间行为观察研究了枯叶蛱蝶对这些挥发物分别与乙醇和去离子水对比的引诱效果。【结果】 在0.5%浓度下，供试挥发物都对枯叶蛱蝶觅食有一定的引诱作用，其中，乙酸乙酯、丁酮和α-蒎烯引诱效果与乙醇无显著差异（P>0.05），且均显著高于去离子水（P<0.05）；异戊醇、乙酸和乙酸异戊酯的引诱效果均显著低于乙醇（P<0.05），略高于去离子水但均差异不显著（P>0.05）；乙醇的引诱次数高于丁酮、α-蒎烯、异戊醇、乙酸和乙酸异戊酯。【结论】 乙醇是枯叶蛱蝶觅食的关键化合物；枯叶蛱蝶在觅食过程中可利用多种气味信息。结果可为今后制定枯叶蛱蝶保护措施提供依据。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To determine the key compounds that attract foraging Kallima inachus (Boisduval) to fruits. [Methods] The dynamic headspace adsorption method was used to collect volatile compounds from six different rotting fruits (pear, apple, banana, watermelon, orange, and persimmon) which were then analyzed by auto thermal-desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The five volatile compounds found in the six fruits, as well as two others found in other fermented foods by previous studies, were selected to test the feeding responses of naive adults to each compound relative to ethanol and deionized water. [Results] All the test compounds were attractive to adults at a dose of 0.5%. There was no significant difference in the attractiveness of ethyl acetate, butanone, α-pinene and ethanol (P>0.05) but all of these compounds were significantly more attractive than deionized water (P<0.05). 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanoacetate and acetic acid were not significantly more attractive than deionized water (P>0.05) and were much less attractive than ethanol (P<0.05). Ethanol was the most attractive the substance tested except ethyl acetate. [Conclusion] The results show that ethanol plays a crucial role in the foraging of adult K. inachus but also that foraging adults are attracted by a variety of chemical signals. These results provide a basis for developing methods to control K. inachus.