适合三种鳞翅目昆虫的一种人工饲料配方
Development of an artificial diet for three lepidopteran insects
曹利军 杨 帆 唐思莹 陈 敏**
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.164
作者单位：北京林业大学林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室，北京 100083
中文关键词：昆虫人工饲料，正交试验，美国白蛾，斜纹夜蛾，舞毒蛾
英文关键词： artificial diet, orthogonal design, Hyphantria cunea, Prodenia litura, Lymantria dispar
中文摘要：
【目的】 昆虫的人工饲养是昆虫学研究和害虫防治技术研究的重要基础，开发一种适用于多种昆虫的人工饲料将大大减少昆虫饲养的成本，提高工作效率。【方法】 本研究以美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea （Drury）为初试昆虫，通过两次正交试验开发出一种适合饲养美国白蛾、斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura（Fabricius）和舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar（L.）3种多食性昆虫的人工饲料配方。【结果】 该配方的成分和比例为：麦胚（12%）、蔗糖（2%）、酪蛋白（4.5%）、琼脂（1.5%）、氯化胆碱（0.05%）、韦氏盐（1.0%）、山梨酸（0.4%）、对羟基苯甲酸（0.25%）、抗坏血酸（0.5%）、范氏维生素B（0.003%）、胆固醇（0.1%）和肌醇（0.035%）。【结论】 该配方饲养3种昆虫在幼虫历期、蛹重、成蛹率和羽化率等各项指标均表现优良。本研究的试验方法和配方将会为其他多食性昆虫人工饲料的开发提供借鉴。
英文摘要： [Objectives] The establishment of insect colonies under artificial conditions is important for research and the development of a set of artificial diets suitable for a variety of insect species can greatly decrease costs and improve the efficiency of maintaining such colonies. [Methods] A diet was developed using two rounds of orthogonal design methods and employed successfully in rearing three Noctuoidea species: Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Prodenia litura (Fabricius) and Lymantria dispar (L.). [Results] The diet contained wheat germ (12%), sugar (2%), casein (4.5%), agar (1.5%), choline chloride (0.05%), Wesson’s salt (1.0%), sorbic acid (0.4%), methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (0.25%), ascorbic acid (0.5%), Vanderzant’s vitamin mix (0.003%)，cholesterol (0.1%) and inositol (0.035%). [Conclusion] The three insect species reared on this diet displayed normal larval development, pupal weight, pupation and eclosion rates. This research will provide a basis for the development of artificial diets for other polyphagous insects.