不同经营管理方式下锥栗林节肢动物群落的时序动态
Temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in Castanea henryi forests under different management modes
叶世森1，2** 施丹阳3 郑郁善1 胡凤玉2
点击：1319次 下载：12次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.193
作者单位：1. 福建农林大学，福州 350002；2. 福建林业职业技术学院，南平 353000；3. 建瓯市森林病虫害防治检疫站，建瓯 353100
中文关键词：锥栗林，经营管理方式，节肢动物群落，时序动态
英文关键词：Castanea henryi forest, management mode, arthropod community, temporal dynamics
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究不同经营管理方式对锥栗林(Castanea henryi)节肢动物群落及主要害虫种群数量时序动态的影响，为锥栗林害虫防治提供科学依据。【方法】 通过对不同经营管理方式下的锥栗林节肢动物群落的系统调查，分析和比较了生产上典型的5种经营管理方式下锥栗林节肢动物群落的物种丰富度、个体数量、物种多样性指数、天敌与害虫个体数量比例及主要害虫种群数量的时序动态。【结果】 不同经营管理方式下锥栗林林冠层节肢动物群落的物种丰富度、个体数量、物种多样性指数变化趋势大体一致，物种丰富度、个体数量最高值在6月，物种多样性指数最高值在5月，但不同经营管理方式下物种丰富度、个体数量、物种多样性指数高低不同，管理精细未用药型锥栗林物种多样性指数最高，管理撂荒型的物种丰富度、个体数量最高；相对锥栗林管理撂荒型，其它各种经营管理方式都明显地降低了下木层的物种丰富度、个体数量、物种多样性指数，不同经营管理方式下下木层物种丰富度、个体数量、物种多样性指数的动态变化相差较大；管理精细未用药型林冠层天敌与害虫个体数量比例相对最高，波动变化较大，自然控害能力最强；管理精细的锥栗林主要害虫栗瘿蜂Dryocosmus kuriphilus（Yasumatus）、栗实象Curculio davidi Fairmaire、栗链蚧Asterolecanium castaneae（Russell）种群数量显著低于管理撂荒和管理粗放的锥栗林。【结论】 不同经营管理方式对锥栗林节肢动物群落及主要害虫种群数量的时序动态有较大影响，对锥栗林科学的精细管理有助于对主要害虫的有效控制。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To determine the influence of different management modes on the temporal dynamics of the arthropod community and key pest population numbers in Castanea henryi forests, and to provide a scientific basis for the management of forestry pests. [Methods] A systematic investigation of the arthropod community in C. henryi forests under five different management modes was conducted to analyze and compare the temporal dynamics of species richness, numbers of individuals, species diversity, ratio of natural enemies to pests and key pest population sizes. [Results] Under the five different management modes, the species richness, population size and species diversity of the forest canopy arthropod community differed, although temporal fluctuations were similar. Species richness and numbers of individuals were the highest in June and species diversity was the highest in May. Species diversity was the highest with careful management and no pesticide use, whereas species richness and numbers of individuals were highest in forests in which management had been abandoned. Species richness, numbers of individuals and species diversity in the undergrowth noticeably decreased under other management modes relative to forests in which management had been abandoned, and the temporal dynamics of these variables were very different. The ratio of natural enemies to pests in the forest canopy was the highest, and fluctuated most, in forests with careful management and no pesticide use, which was the most effective management regime for controlling pests. The population sizes of the key pest species Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Yasumatus), Curculio davidi Fairmaire, Asterolecanium castaneae (Russell), were obviously lower with careful management than in forests in which management had been abandoned or in those in which there was careless management. [Conclusion] Different management modes had a strong effect on the temporal dynamics of arthropod communities and key pest population quantities in C. henryi forests. Scientific and careful management contributed to the effective control of key pests.