花椒园昆虫群落结构及时间动态的聚类分析
Fuzzy clustering analysis of insect community structure in a Zanthoxylum bungeanum garden
张晓明1** 李 强1*** 陈国华1*** 石安宪2 宋家雄2
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.025
作者单位：1. 云南农业大学植物保护学院，昆明 650201；2. 云南省昭通市植保植检站，昭通 657000
中文关键词：花椒，昆虫群落结构，时间动态，模糊聚类
英文关键词： Zanthoxylum bungeanum, insect community, structure temporal dynamic, fuzzy clustering
中文摘要：
【目的】 通过调查花椒园生态系统中昆虫群落的组成，分析其动态及其时空特征，评价花椒园昆虫各亚群落间的相互关系，旨在为花椒园立体农业的构建及其害虫的生态调控提供科学依据。【方法】 采取5点取样法，调查记录枝条和树干上的昆虫种类和数量。同时采用糖醋液诱集、黄板诱集、滴水黄盘诱集、目测和网捕等方法调查。利用群落特征指数对群落的基本特征进行分析，采用系统聚类方法对各群落特征指数时间动态进行分类。【结果】 通过对花椒园昆虫群落的系统调查，共查到花椒园昆虫（包括蜘蛛类）359种，隶属19目148科。半翅目相对丰盛度最高，为0.3036，其次为蜘蛛类，其相对丰盛度为0.2033。在分析花椒园昆虫群落结构的基础上，对花椒园昆虫群落进行聚类分析。结果表明，对不同时期的总群落、亚群落进行模糊聚类，其结果显示：总群落的24次调查结果可以聚为9类，阈值T = 0.98，3月20日，5月20日，3月30日，4月28日，4月10日，10月10日各分为一类，10月20日、10月30日、11月12日为一类，其余归为一类；天敌亚群落调查结果聚为7类，T = 0.95，3月20日，5月30日，11月12日，3月30日各自归为一类，4月20日、4月28日归为一类，4月10日、10月30日归为一类，其余归为一类；非天敌亚群落调查结果聚为9类，T = 0.97，3月20日、3月30日、5月20日、6月20日、9月30日、10月10日各自归为一类，6月10日和6月30日归为一类，10月20日、10月30日、11月12日归为一类，其余归为一类。【结论】 聚类结果反映了群落状况的季节差异，聚类交替现象反映了群落结构复杂性，聚类结果的复杂性反映了各时期的非生物因素对群落动态有较大影响。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To provide a scientific basis for the ecological regulation of pest insects and build a three-dimensional agricultural system in a Zanthoxylum bungeanum garden. The insect community and its structure were sampled through systematic investigation, its spatiotemporal dynamics analyzed and the relationship between each sub-community evaluated. [Methods] The five points sampling method was used to record the number of insect species on branches and trunks in Z. bungeanum trees and a combination of sugar-acetic acid-ethanol traps, yellow sticky traps, yellow-drip plate traps, visual inspection and sweep sampling were also used to sample the insect community. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify the temporal dynamics of various community indices. The basic characteristics of the insect community were analyzed using basic features of the community characteristics index. [Results] 359 species of insect (including spiders) belonging to 19 orders, 148 families were collected. Based on the principles of community ecology and the method of fuzzy clustering, the results show that the Hemiptera were the most abundant and spiders the second most abundant taxa, comprising 0.3036 and 0.2033, of all species collected, respectively. 24 investigations were conducted on the structural features of the insect community, and a cluster analysis was conducted on its temporal dynamics．The total community could be clustered into 9 temporal clusters (T=0.98), i.e., 20 March, 20 May, 30 March, 28 April, 10 April, 10 October; 20 October, 30 October, 12 November, and other months. The natural enemy sub-communities could be clustered into 7 temporal clusters (T=0.95), i.e., 20 March, March 30, 30 May, 12 November; 20 April, 28 April, 10 April, 30 October, and other months. The pest-neutral sub-communities could be clustered into 9 temporal clusters (T=0.97), i.e., 20 March, 30 March, 20 May, 20 June, 30 September, 10 October, 10 June, 30 June, 20 October, 30 October, 12 November, and other months. [Conclusion] Cluster analysis partly reflected seasonal differences in the total community and sub-communities, and the temporal overlaps between clusters reflect the complexity of the community structure. The complexity of cluster results reflects the period when non-biological factors had the largest impact on the community.