黑翅土白蚁表皮碳氢化合物的品级特征
Caste characteristics of cuticular hydrocarbon inOdontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)
杨锦锦1** 嵇保中1*** 刘曙雯2*** 张新慰1 王丽平1赵正萍1 丁 芳1 王亚
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.101
作者单位：1. 南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京林业大学林学院，南京 210037；2. 南京中山陵园管理局，南京 210014
中文关键词：黑翅土白蚁，表皮碳氢化合物，非生殖品级，生殖品级
英文关键词：Odontotermes formosanus, cuticular hydrocarbon, non-reproductive, reproductive
中文摘要：
【目的】 探索黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) 表皮碳氢化合物的品级特征【方法】 应用固相
微萃取、气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等技术，对不同品级、不同龄期个体表皮碳氢化合物进行检测。【结果】 工蚁、兵蚁、幼蚁、长翅生殖蚁表皮碳氢化合物组分种类相同（32种），主要为正烷烃、支链烷烃和烯烃等。非生殖品级中组分含量变化特点表现在，工蚁（大工蚁和小工蚁）：1-十九碳一烯显著低于幼蚁和兵蚁；大工蚁：三十一烷、三十四烷显著低于小工蚁和幼蚁；小工蚁（巢内工蚁）：2,8,8-三甲基十烷显著高于、十六烷和十八烷低于其他非生殖品级；兵蚁：十四烷显著低于、2-me-1-C19:1高于其他非生殖品级，三十一烷、三十四烷显著低于小工蚁和幼蚁；1龄幼蚁：十六烷高于其他非生殖品级；2龄幼蚁：(E)-9-4-meC18高于其他非生殖品级；3龄幼蚁：1-十九碳一烯、四十四烷高于其他非生殖品级；此外，1龄、2龄、3龄幼蚁的3,3,6-三甲基十烷、2-me-(E)-7-C16:1显著高于、8-十七碳一烯显著低于其他非生殖品级。生殖品级与非生殖品级比较，十二烷、十四烷、十七烷、三十一烷、2,8,8-三甲基十烷、8-乙基十五烷、2,6-二甲基十七烷、8-十七碳一烯、1-十七碳一烯、1-十八碳一烯、9-十九碳一烯的含量差异显著。【结论】 黑翅土白蚁不同品级个体表皮碳氢化合物种类相同，组分含量存在差异，可用于巢内品级间识别。不同龄幼蚁和不同发育阶段工蚁，表皮碳氢化合物存在特征性组分含量，表皮碳氢化合物分泌随个体发育而改变。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To explore the caste characteristics of cuticular hydrocarbons in Odontotermes formosanus. [Methods] Cuticular hydrocarbons of individuals of different castes and instars were analyzed using solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [Results] The cuticular hydrocarbon of workers, soldiers, larvae and alates had the same 32 components; mainly n-alkanes, branched alkanes and alkenes etc. Changes in the amount of some components in non-reproductive individuals can be summarized as follows: In workers (both major and minor workers), 1-C19:1 was significantly lower than in larvae and soldiers. In major workers, C31 and C34 were significantly lower than in minor workers and larvae. In minor workers (living in the nest), 2,8,8-trimeC10 was significantly higher, and C16 and C18 significantly lower, than in other non-reproductive individuals. In soldiers, C14 was significantly lower, and 2-me-1-C19:1 higher, than in other non-reproductive individuals, and C31 and C34 were significantly lower than in minor workers and larvae. In 1st instar larvae, C16 was higher than in other non-reproductive individuals. In 2nd instar larvae, (E)-9-4-meC18 was higher than in other non-reproductive individuals. In 3rd instar larvae, 1-C19:1 and C44 were higher than in other non-reproductive individuals. Furthermore, in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larvae, 3,3,6-trimeC10 and 2-me-(E)-7-C16:1 were higher, and 8-C17:1 was significantly lower, than in other non-reproductive individuals. There were significant differences in the amounts of the components C12, C14, C17, C31, 2,8,8-trimeC10, 8-ethylC15, 2,6-dimeC17, 8-C17:1, 1-C17:1, 1-C18:1 and 9-C19:1 between reproductive and non-reproductive individuals. [Conclusion] The cuticular hydrocarbons of different castes of O. formosanus have the same components, but the amounts of some components differed significantly among different castes. Cuticular hydrocarbons can be used as an important caste-recognition cue in O. formosanus. The cuticular hydrocarbons of different larval instars and workers of different developmental stages had distinctive compositions. The secretion of cuticular hydrocarbons changed with developmental stage.