室内人工诱导大豆蚜产生有性世代的研究
Artificial induction of sexuales in Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
徐 蕾** 赵季秋 许国庆*** 钟 涛 赵彤华
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.173
作者单位：辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所，沈阳 110161
中文关键词：大豆蚜，人工诱导，温度，光周期，交互作用
英文关键词：Aphis glycines, artificial induction, temperature, photoperiod, interaction
中文摘要： 【目的】 大豆蚜Aphis glycines （Matsumura）是大豆上最重要的害虫之一，短暂的有性阶段是蚜虫种群基因交流的关键环节。通过探索影响大豆蚜产生有性世代的室内人工诱导条件，对研究种群遗传和生态适应机制具有重要意义。【方法】 采用豆苗罩笼培养法，在实验室条件下用一定的光温组合处理，测定了处理1代和连续处理3代的大豆蚜各蚜型产生的比率，并且分析了各相关因素的影响。【结果】 本试验成功诱导大豆蚜产生无翅孤雌蚜、有翅孤雌蚜、有翅产雄性母和有翅雄性蚜。结果表明，人工诱导雄性母产生的最适条件为15℃，10L︰14D处理3代，雄性蚜产生的最适条件为12℃，10L︰14D处理3代，而15℃，8L︰16D条件下大豆蚜翅型分化率最高。对各相关因子进行方差分析结果表明，温度与光周期互作对有性世代的产生影响最为显著，其次是温度、诱导日龄的单独作用，诱导世代只有和光温条件互作才有显著影响。【结论】 在特定的光周期内，温度是大豆蚜有性世代产生的重要因素，同时光温条件组合对此有一定的累积效应，表现为光、温、诱导世代三者交互对有性世代的产生影响显著。
英文摘要： [Objectives] The soybean aphid is one of the most important pests of soybean crops. The ephemeral sexual stage of this aphid is vital to gene flow within populations. Exploring the conditions which induce the development of sexuales therefore is important for understanding population heredity and ecological adaptive mechanisms. [Methods] The percentages of various morphs in a captive aphid colony were measured under a range of fixed temperature and photoperiod combinations for three successive generations and the influence of related factors analyzed. [Results] Apterous parthenogenic aphids, alate parthenogenic aphids, winged male sexupara, and winged males, were induced successfully. The results show that the most optimal conditions for artificial induction of male sexupara and males were 15℃ combined with 10 hours of light per day, and 12℃ combined with 10 hours of light per day, for three successive generations. The highest ratio of wing dimorphism was induced by 15℃ combined with 8 hours of light per day for three successive generations. Analysis of variance indicates that the most significant influence on the development of sexuales was a temperature-photoperiod interaction, followed by temperature and time. Generation had a significant influence only under certain temperature and photoperiod conditions. [Conclusion] Temperature is the main factor responsible for the induction of sexuales under certain photoperiods, and has an accumulative effect on the proportion of sexuales in combination with photoperiod. The development of sexual individuals is influenced by a significant interaction between temperature, photoperiod and generation.