柑桔提取物中主要成分的杀螨活性评价
Evaluation of the acaricidal activity of the main components of a citrus extract
胡军华** 彭凤格 王 娟 周 娜 王雪莲 姚廷山
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.013
作者单位：西南大学柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心/西南地区果树科学观测实验站，重庆 400712
中文关键词：柑桔提取物，杀螨成分，杀螨活性
英文关键词：citrus extract, acaricidal ingredient, acaricidal activity, Panonychus citri
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究柑桔提取物中主要杀螨活性成分，为柑桔提取物作为杀螨剂的使用奠定基础。【方法】 采用乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚4种溶剂对北碚447的果皮与种子进行平行提取，对4种提取物进行杀螨活性评价。对北碚447的果皮乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物进行GC-MS分析，就其中主要成分进行杀螨活性评价，确定主要杀螨活性成分。【结果】 发现柑桔乙醇提取物的杀螨活性最高；果皮提取物的杀螨活性高于种子；果皮和种子乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物通过GC-MS分析共鉴定出35种成分，其中柠檬烯含量最高，和柠檬醛、4-松油醇、芳樟醇占提取物含量的85%以上；柠檬烯杀螨活性高于柠檬醛、松油醇、芳樟醇、b-蒎烯。【结论】 柑桔提取物中主要的杀螨成分是柠檬烯、柠檬醛、4-松油醇、芳樟醇、b-蒎烯，以这些物质为主要有效成分的柑桔提取物类杀螨剂的研发具有重大意义。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] The acaricidal activity of the main components of a citrus extract was evaluated in order to develop a novel botanical acaricide. [Methods] Volatile components of the peel and seeds of citrus variety Beibei 447 were extracted with either ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or petroleum ether, and the acaricidal activity of the 4 kinds of extracts evaluated. The main chemical ingredients of the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed using GCMS. The active ingredient of the four kinds of extracts were determined by the contact acaricidal activity of the different components. [Results] Ethanol extract had the strongest acaricidal activity of the compounds tested in the slide impregnation bioassay method, followed by peel extract. The extract from seeds had the lowest acaricidal activity. 35 compounds, which comprise more than 85% of the total content, were present in either ethanol, or ethyl acetate, extracts. These extracts mainly contained limonene, citral, 4-Carvomenthenol and linalool. The acaricidal activity of limonene was higher than that of citral, β-pinene, 4-Carvomenthenol and linalool. [Conclusion] The main acaricidal components of citrus extracts were limonene, citral, 4-Carvomenthenol, linalool and β-pinene. The development and utilization of citrus extracts, and the creation of a novel botanical acaricide containing limonene as the main ingredient, has great potential.