正交实验优化小菜蛾室内种群的繁殖条件
An orthogonal analysis of factors affecting the reproduction of Plutella xylostella (L.)
李向永** 尹艳琼 赵雪晴 谌爱东***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.043
作者单位：云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
中文关键词：小菜蛾，正交实验，寄主植物，接虫量，生育期
英文关键词：diamondback moth, orthogonal experiment, host plant, population number, growth period
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确小菜蛾Plutella xylostella室内种群扩繁时的寄主植物、成虫密度等因子的影响作用。【方法】 采用=正交实验设计，分析了成虫接虫量、寄主植物和寄主叶龄等因素对小菜蛾子代扩繁倍数的影响。【结果】 （1） 接虫量、寄主对小菜蛾的繁殖量有极显著的影响（P<0.01）。寄主叶龄对小菜蛾的繁殖量有显著的影响（P<0.05）。根据各因素的F值大小，可确定对扩繁量的影响作用顺序为接虫量（F=24.11，P=0.001）>寄主（F=14.21，P=0.004）>生育期（F=7.40，P=0.019）。（2） 各因素配对分析结果表明：1对/株的繁殖倍数与3对/株、4对/株的繁殖倍数存在极显著差异（P<0.01），与2对/株的繁殖倍数存在显著差异（P<0.05）。2对/株的繁殖倍数与3对/株、4对/株的繁殖倍数存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。甘蓝寄主上的繁殖倍数与白菜、菜心、花椰菜上的繁殖倍数均存在极显著差异（P<0.01），而白菜、菜心、花椰菜上的繁殖倍数三者间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。6叶龄时繁殖倍数与10叶期的繁殖倍数存在极显著差异（P<0.01），与4叶期、8叶期的繁殖倍数存在显著差异（P<0.05）。而10叶期、4叶期、8叶期的繁殖倍数3者间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】 室内种群的最适合扩繁条件是接虫量1对/株，寄主植物为甘蓝，生育期为6叶龄。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To determine the effects of host plant species and adult density on the reproduction of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). [Methods] We used an orthogonal experiment to analyze the effects of adult density, host plant, and plant developmental stage, on the F1 generation proliferation rate of the P. xylostella. [Results] (ⅰ) Adult density and host plant had very significant effects on the proliferation rate of P. xylostella (P<0.01), whereas host-plant developmental stage had a less significant effect (P<0.05). These most important factors affecting diamondback moth productivity can be ranked in descending order of importance as follows; temperature (F=24.11，P=0.001) > host (F=14.21，P=0.004) > humidity (F=7.40，P=0.019). (ⅱ) A single factor paired comparison revealed an extremely significant difference in adult productivity between 1 pair/plant and 3 pair/plant or 4 pair/plant, and between 2 pair/plant, 3 pair/plant and 4 pair/plant (P<0.01), and a less significant difference between 1 pair/plant and 2 pair/plant (P<0.05). With respect to host plant species, there was also an extremely significant difference among cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), chinese cabbage (B. rapa pekinensis), flowering chinese cabbage (B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) (P<0.01), but no significant difference among chinese cabbage, flowering chinese cabbage and cauliflower (P>0.05). With respect to plant development stage, there was an extremely significant difference between the 6-leaf stage and the 10-leaf stage (P<0.01), a less significant difference between the 6-leaf stage and the 4-leaf and 8-leaf stages (P<0.05); but no significant difference among the 4-leaf, 8-leaf, and 10-leaf stages (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Optimal conditions for diamondback moth reproduction are a combination of an adult density of 1 pair/plant, and cabbage host-plants at the 6-leaf stage of development.