茶园间作不同绿肥对节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响
The effects of intercropping different green manure plants on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in tea plantations
李慧玲1** 郭剑雄2 张 辉1 王定锋1王庆森1 曾明森1 林乃铨3 吴光远1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.070
作者单位：1. 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所 福安 355015；2. 宁德职业技术学院 福安 355015； 3. 福建农林大学生物防治研究所 福州 350002
中文关键词：茶园，绿肥，间作，节肢动物群落，多样性
英文关键词：tea plantation, green mature plants, intercrop, arthropod community, biodiversity
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究在茶园中合理间作绿肥对茶园节肢动物群落结构和多样性的影响。【方法】 本文在茶园中分别设间作铺地木兰+罗顿豆、圆叶决明+白三叶、白三叶+平托花生3种不同绿肥组合处理，并设不间作绿肥、常规除草的茶园为对照。【结果】 间作不同绿肥均能提高茶园节肢动物群落的物种丰富度和群落多样性，提高茶园捕食性天敌昆虫、蜘蛛和寄生性天敌在茶园冠层群落的比率；不同处理茶园冠层节肢动物Shannon-wiener多样性指数（H）、Simpson指数（D）和均匀度指数变化趋势基本一致；茶冠层的节肢动物群落多样性指数在4类不同处理茶园间差异显著；间作绿肥增加了茶园的生物多样性，4类不同处理茶园茶冠层群落相似性系数在0.741~0.892之间，表明4类不同处理茶园冠层群落在物种组成上有较高的相似性。4类不同处理茶园害虫与天敌两类群功能团的丰盛度之间成显著的正相关，表明天敌对害虫的空间数量跟随效应强，主要表现为二者数量间的相互作用。灰色关联度分析表明在4类不同处理茶园中的群落节肢动物物种数/个体数、天敌物种数/害虫物种数、害虫丰富度与多样性指数和均匀度指数的关联系数较高，反应了群落的多样性和稳定性。【结论】 间作增强了茶园群落的生物多样性，提高害虫天敌的种类和个体数，有利有效发挥天敌对有害生物的生态控制。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the effect of intercropping different green manure plants on the structure and diversity of arthropod communities in tea plantations. [Methods] The effects of three different intercropping treatments were assessed; treatment 1(T1) Indigofera spicata + Lotononis bainesii, treatment 2(T2) Chamaecrista rotundifolia + Trifolium repens, and treatment 2(T3) Trifolium repens + Arachis pintoi. The control was a common tea plantation without intercropped green manure plants. [Results] The diversity and species richness (S) of the arthropod community in tea plant canopies that had been intercropped with green manure plants were higher than in the control. The ratio of predators and parasites to pests in tea plantations intercropped with green manure plants was higher than that in the control. Trends in the Shannon-wiener index, Simpson index and Evenness index were similar in all four tea plantations and the similarity of species composition among the different treatments was between 0.741 and 0.892. There were significant positive correlations between numbers of tea pests and numbers of natural enemies within each of the four tea plantations. Grey correlation analysis showed that the correlations between species richness and individual arthropod abundance, natural enemy species richness and pest abundance, and between pest diversity and indices of species diversity and evenness, were relatively high within all four tea plantations, reflecting the stability and diversity of the arthropod communities in these. [Conclusion] Intercropping different green manure plants improves the biodiversity and stability of arthropod communities.