【目的】 雄蚁是蚂蚁巢群的重要成员，主要参与种群的繁殖。本文对日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus雄蚁的生殖系统结构及其化学组成进行了研究，拟为进一步开展雄蚁的生殖行为研究提供基础信息。【方法】 利用光学和扫描电镜观察了雄蚁的生殖系统结构，并利用GC-MS方法分析了其化学组成。【结果】 （1）雄蚁生殖系统包括1对附腺、1对输精管和射精管3部分，睾丸退化消失；附腺最为发达，肾形，乳白色；输精管简单细长，与附腺基部1/3处相连。扫描电镜下发现附腺表面平坦，包裹有发达的网状肌肉组织。（2）利用GC-MS方法检测到13种化学物质，主要以醛类、烃类和酸类为主，分别占29.31%、21.87%和20.56%，还有一些醇类（12.71%）和酯类（15.05%）；含量最高的3种成分分别为十八烯醛（15.86%）、11-十六烯醛（13.45%）和9，12，15-十八碳三烯酸-2，3-二羟基丙酯（11.78%）。【结论】雄蚁生殖系统主要由附腺、输精管和射精管三部分组成，其中附腺最为发达，输精管细长，睾丸退化消失；生殖系统中含有多种化学成分，但其功能还有待于进一步的研究。

[Objectives]  To describe the internal reproductive system of male Camponotus japonicus, and analyze chemical compounds associated with this system, in order to provide baseline data for further study of male reproductive behavior. [Methods]  The male internal reproductive system was observed under optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and associated chemical compounds were analyzed using GC-MS. [Results]  (1) The male reproductive system consists of one pair of accessory glands and one pair of vas deferentia and an ejaculatory duct; the testes degenerate and eventually disappear. The paired accessory glands are developed and milky white. The vas deferentia are simple and slender, and each connects with the lower third of each lobe of the accessory gland at the base. The surface of the accessory glands is relatively smooth and can be seen to be covered in muscle tissue under SEM. (2) Thirteen chemical compounds were identified, mainly comprised of aldehydes, olefins and acids, accounting for 29.31%, 21.87% and 20.56%, of the total, respectively. Some alcohols (12.71%) and esters (15.05%) were also detected. The most abundant components were cctadecatrienal (15.86%), 11-hexadecenal (13.45%), and 9,12,15-18 carbon triene acid-2,3-2 hydroxy propyl ester (11.78%). [Conclusion]  The male reproductive system is comprised of three parts; the accessory glands, which are fully developed, the vas deferentia, which are slender, and the testes, which degenerate and disappear. Thirteen chemical compounds were found in the male reproductive system but their functions have yet to be investigated.