噻虫嗪对昆虫病原线虫侵染韭菜迟眼蕈蚊能力的影响
Evaluation of the effects of infection by different entomopathogenic nematodes and thiamethoxam on Bradysia odoriphaga
武海斌1, 3** 凌 飞2 宫庆涛1 付 丽1 许永玉3*** 孙瑞红1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.153
作者单位：1. 山东省果树研究所，泰安 271000；2. 山东日照国际海洋城投资有限公司，日照 276800；3. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018
中文关键词：昆虫病原线虫，噻虫嗪，韭菜迟眼蕈蚊，混合使用
英文关键词：entomopathogens nematodes, thiamethoxam, Bradysia odoriphaga, combination
中文摘要：
【目的】 为提高昆虫病原线虫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang幼虫的防治效果，将昆虫病原线虫与环境友好型化学杀虫剂混用是一条有效途径。【方法】 测定了噻虫嗪与6个昆虫病原线虫品系混用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的作用效果，以及温度和土壤含水量对作用效果的影响，并进行了田间验证。【结果】 田间推荐浓度噻虫嗪（100 mg·L-1）对6种供试线虫存活无显著影响。处理后3 d，低浓度噻虫嗪（15 mg·L-1）分别与6品系线虫混合后处理韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫，其死亡率明显高于线虫和噻虫嗪单用处理。小卷蛾斯氏线虫SF-SN+噻虫嗪、印度异小杆线虫LN2+噻虫嗪和小卷蛾斯氏线虫All+噻虫嗪3种组合发挥杀虫作用的最适温度范围分别为20~25℃、25~30℃和25~30℃，显著高于其他温度；最适土壤含水量范围为10%~18%，也显著高于其他湿度。大田条件下，施用后7 d，单用噻虫嗪、线虫+噻虫嗪组合处理对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治效果显著高于单线虫，且以芫菁夜蛾斯氏线虫SF-SN+噻虫嗪的防治效果最高，达到93%以上。【结论】 芫菁夜蛾斯氏线虫 SF-SN品系与噻虫嗪组合联合防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊效果最好。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To increase the effectiveness of controlling Bradysia odoriphaga with entomopathogenic nematodes, and to screen pesticides as synergists for entomopathogenenic nematodes.[Methods] The survival rate and infectivity of six entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsaeNC116, S. carpocapsae All, S. longicaudum X-7, S. feltiae SF-SN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 and H. indica LN2) were tested after dipping them in a commonly used pesticide (25% water dispersible granules of thiamethoxam). The effects of treatment with six nematodes and low concentrations of thiamethoxam (12 mg·L-1) on 3rd instar larvae were determined. Interactions between three kinds of nematodes (S. feltiae SF-SN,H. indica LN2 and S. carpocapsae All), and low concentrations of thiamethoxam (30 mg·L-1), were evaluated under various temperature and humidity conditions and further tested under greenhouse conditions.[Results] The recommended concentration of thiamethoxam (100 mg·L-1) had no effect on nematode survival. Mortality of B. odoriphaga treated with a combination of six nematodes and a low concentration thiamethoxam (12 mg·L-1) was higher after 3 d than that of larvae that had been treated with thiamethoxam and any one nematode. Mortality of B. odoriphaga treated with S. feltiae SF-SN+ thiamethoxam, H. indica LN2+ thiamethoxam and S. carpocapsae All+ thiamethoxam was higher at 20-25℃, 25-30℃, and 25-30℃, respectively, than at other temperatures. The optimum substrate moisture level for these treatments was 10%-18%. The results of greenhouse trials show that a combination treatment (S. feltiae SF-SN+ thiamethoxam) achieved > 93 % better control than treatment with thiamethoxam (100 mg×a.i./L) alone after 7 d. [Conclusion] The S. feltiae SF-SN+ thiamethoxam combination appears an effective way of controlling B. odoriphaga.