多异瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用
Predation of Paratrioza sinica Yang & Li by adult Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)
巫鹏翔1, 2** 欧阳浩永1, 2 徐 婧1 张 蓉3 何 嘉3 张润志1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.165
作者单位：1. 中国科学院动物研究所，北京 100101；2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；3. 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所，银川 750002
中文关键词：多异瓢虫，枸杞木虱，捕食作用
英文关键词： Hippodamia variegata, Paratrioza sinica Yang & Li, predation
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了测定多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)成虫对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica Yang & Li的捕食作用。【方法】 在室内测定了多异瓢虫的捕食功能反应、种内干扰、自身密度干扰、捕食偏好性，并通过罩笼试验研究多异瓢虫在田间对枸杞木虱的捕食效果。【结果】 结果表明，多异瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ型方程，对卵、1~2龄若虫、3~5龄若虫以及成虫的最大捕食量分别为80.4粒、410.0头、350.8头和102.5头。田间罩笼试验结果证明，在多异瓢虫成虫生长周期30 d内能使枸杞木虱总虫口密度下降85.4%；多异瓢虫对枸杞木虱成虫的搜寻效率a = 0.8252为4种木虱虫态最佳，而对枸杞木虱卵处理时间Th = 0.002283为4种木虱虫态中最佳；在100头/皿的猎物密度下多异瓢虫均能展现其最大捕食率，益害比参考值为1∶100。多异瓢虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用受自身密度的影响显著大于种内干扰；在100头/皿混合猎物密度下，多异瓢虫更偏好木虱成虫，在300头/皿下，多异瓢虫更偏向于木虱若虫。【结论】 研究表明，多异瓢虫是具有控制潜力的捕食性天敌，人工释放多异瓢虫成虫可有效防治枸杞木虱。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To study predation by Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) adults on Poratrioza sinica Yang & Li. [Methods] The functional predation response, mutual interference, influence of prey density, and the prey preferences of H. variegata with respect to P. sinica were investigated under laboratory conditions and the effects of predation on P. sinica populations were studied in the field. [Results] The functional response of H. variegata adults to P. sinica approximated a Holling Ⅱ model. Daily maximum numbers of P. sinica eggs, 1st to 5th instar nymphs, and adults, preyed on by H. variegata adults were 80.4, 410.0, 350.8 and 102.5, respectively. The density of P. sinica in field enclosures decreased by 85.4% over the 30 day life-span of adult H. variegate. The search efficiency of H. variegata for P. sinica adults was 0.8252 and the processing time of H. variegata for P. sinica eggs was 0.002283, both of which were higher than for other P. sinica life stages. Prey density was more important than mutual interference on the predation efficiency of H. variegata. At a predator: prey density of 1∶100, H. variegata preferred P. sinica adults, but preferred P. sinica nymphs at a predator: prey density of 1∶300. [Conclusion] H. variegata has the potential to be an effective biological control agent for P. sinica.