【目的】 蝇蛆病分布广泛，是一类主要由双翅目昆虫的幼虫引发的寄生虫病。蛾蚋幼虫是毛蠓科昆虫中可引发人体蝇蛆病的最常见物种之一。星斑蛾蚋Psychoda alternata线粒体基因组全序列对研究这类致病昆虫的系统地位具有重要的意义，也为预防和治疗蝇蛆病提供理论基础。【方法】 本文利用DNA测序和克隆技术，对星斑蛾蚋的线粒体基因组进行了初步研究。【结果】 研究表明：星斑蛾蚋线粒体基因组全长15 908 bp，由蛋白质编码基因、tRNA基因、rRNA基因和非编码A+T富含区构成。两条链（J链和N链）共编码了37个基因。全序列碱基百分含量为39.6% A，40.3% T，11.8% C，8.3% G，全基因组序列的A+T含量为79.9%。【结论】 星斑蛾蚋线粒体基因组组成和排序与典型的昆虫mtDNA一致。分布于J链的蛋白质基因有9种，而N链上有4种，其碱基含量在两条链上呈不对称现象不明显。基于线粒体13种蛋白质编码基因的26种双翅目昆虫系统发育分析表明毛蠓科与伪蚊科为姐妹群。

 [Objectives]  Myiasis is a widely distributed kind of parasitic disease mainly caused by fly larvae. Psychoda alternata is one of the most common species of psychodidae that can trigger human myiasis. Determining the complete mitochondrial genome of P. alternata is valuable for general molecular and evolutionary studies on the Diptera, as well as for providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of myiasis. [Methods]  DNA sequencing and cloning technology were used to obtain the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of P. alternata. [Results]  The complete mitochondrial genome contained 15 908 nucleotides, consisting of protein coding genes, tRNA genes, rRNA genes, and a non-coding A+T-rich region. Two strands, the J and N strands, transcribed 37 genes. Genomic base composition was A 39.6%, T 40.3%, C 11.8%, G 8.3%, and A+T content comprised 79.9%. [Conclusion]  The genetic organization of the P. alternata mitochondrial genome sequence is consistent with that of typical insect mtDNA. The J strand transcribes 9 protein genes whereas the other 4 genes are distributed on the N strand. The phenomenon of A+T composition asymmetry was not obvious. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 protein-coding genes from mitochondrial genomes in 26 dipteran species demonstrates that the Psychodidae and Tanyderidae are sister taxa.