基于几何形态学对三种实蝇翅脉形态分析(Diptere: Tephritidae: Bactrocera)
A preliminary geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape variation among three important species of the genus Bactrocera (Diptere: Tephritidae)
李 玲1** 党海燕2 丁三寅2 詹庆斌3 高玲玲4 马瑞燕1 赵志国1 张利军1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.009
作者单位：1. 山西农业大学农学院，太谷 030801；2. 山西省出入境检验检疫局，太原 030024；3. 南京森林警察学院，南京 210023； 4. 澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织植物工业部，文布利 6913
中文关键词：实蝇，几何形态学，地标点，普氏叠加，翅脉
英文关键词：Tephritidae, geometric morphometric, landmarks, procrustes superimposition, venation
中文摘要：
【目的】 离腹寡毛实蝇属Bactrocera实蝇种类形态相似，较难区分，该属多数物种为具有重要经济意义的检疫性害虫。本研究基于几何形态学方法对我国分布的离腹寡毛实蝇属Zeugodacus亚属3种重要检疫性实蝇进行翅脉形态定量分析，探讨3种实蝇在翅脉形态上的差异变化，为实蝇的检疫鉴定提供新方法。【方法】 采用地标点法对3种共180头雄性实蝇标本右翅翅脉标记19个地标点，通过计算质心值（CS）、普氏叠加（Procrustes superposition）、主成分分析（PCA）、多变量方差分析（MANOVA）及薄板样条分析（TPS）比较了3种实蝇翅的大小、讨论了翅脉形态变异的主要部位与变化趋势。【结果】 翅脉质心值的单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）结果表明：3种实蝇翅形大小差异显著（F=141，df=179，P<0.001），具条实蝇Bactrocera （Zeugodacus）scutellata（Hendel）的翅形相对较大，南瓜实蝇B.（Z.）tau（Walker）次之，瓜实蝇B.（Z.）cucurbitae（Coquillellett）翅形相对较小；PCA与MANOVA分析结果表明3种实蝇翅脉形状差异显著，TPS分析结果显示3种实蝇翅脉形状差异发生部位主要为翅端第5径室和翅端第2中室区域。【结论】 几何形态学方法可用于实蝇种间的分类，本研究的3种实蝇翅脉形态变异主要发生在翅端第5径室和翅端第2中室区域，或可作为实蝇分类中的一个重要参考依据。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To ascertain whether geometric morphometrics is a reliable method for identifying species of the genus Bactrocera, which are challenging to identify due to their similar morphology. Accurate identification is important because the great majority of species in this genus are economically important quarantine pests. [Methods] Geometric morphometrics was used to evaluate wing size and shape variation among three important species of the genus Bactrocera’s subgenus Zeugodacus. Ninteen landmarks were measured on the right wings of 180 male specimens from these 3 species and used to generate geometric morphometric size and shape data. The wing size and shape information were analyzed based on Centroid size, Procrustes superimposition, Principal component analysis (PCA), Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Thin plate spline analysis (TPS). [Results] A one-way ANOVA of centroid size indicated that there were significant differences (F=141，df=179，P<0.001) in wing size among the three species: Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) scutellata (Hendel) had the biggest wing centroid size, B. (Z.) tau (Walker) the next largest, and B. (Z.) cucurbitae (Coquillellett) the smallest. PCA and MANOVA showed that there were significant differences in wing shape among the three species, and TPS showed that wing differences among the three species were mainly in the distal 5th radial cell and distal 2nd medial cell. [Conclusion] Fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera can be reliably identified by geometric morphometrics, a new tool for identifying species of this genus.