【目的】 明确油茶中幼林昆虫群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落的结构特征、时序格局及其相互关联。【方法】 于2014年6月—2015年5月，采用固定样地五点取样法对5~6年生油茶中幼林昆虫群落进行了系统调查，并运用最优分割法和模糊聚类法对收集数据进行了分析。【结果】 共记录油茶中幼林昆虫1 648头，隶属10目62科137种，其中害虫83种、天敌昆虫36种。6月初和10月中旬害虫的物种数、个体数、多样性指数均达到最大值，天敌与害虫的发生出现不明显的滞后现象，传粉昆虫10月下旬活动最为频繁。将害虫亚群落划分为9个区段，发展期-波动期-稳定期-衰退期-过渡期-发展期-波动期-稳定期-衰退期；天敌亚群落被划分为6个区段，发展期-稳定期-衰弱期-发展期-稳定期-衰弱期；昆虫总群落划分为4个区段，发展期-波动期-稳定期-衰退期，各区段的特点与作物物候期和各个亚群落的发生特点均存在不同程度的关联。油茶中幼林害虫亚群落、天敌亚群落、昆虫总群落时序聚类结果基本相同，均被划分为三类：发展期、稳定期和衰弱期，只是在各个期间不同群落的发生时间略有差别。【结论】 油茶中幼林昆虫物种丰富，昆虫群落结构在一年中具有间断性、连续性和复杂性，5月中旬和9月中下旬是油茶害虫管理的关键时期。

 [Objectives] To define the structure, characteristics, temporal patterns and relationships of the general insect community, pest sub-community, and natural enemy sub-community, in young Camellia oleifera forest. [Methods]  A survey of the insect community was conducted using the five point sampling method from June 2014 to May 2015 and the data obtained analyzed with optimal partitioning and fuzzy clustering. [Results]  A total of 1 648 individuals, belonging to 10 orders, 62 families and 137 species were collected, including 83 species of pest insects and 36 species of natural enemies. Numbers of species, individual insects, and the pest diversity index, all peaked in early June and the mid-October. There was no close synchrony, or hysteresis, between natural enemies and pest species. Pollinators were the most active species in late October. The optimization stages of the pest sub-community, natural enemy sub-community, and general insect community were respectively divided into nine (development stage-fluctuation stage-stationary stage-decline stage-transition stage- development stage-fluctuation stage-stationary stage-decline stage), six (development stage-stationary stage-decline stage- development stage-stationary stage-decline stage) and four (namely, development stage-fluctuation stage-stationary stage- decline stage) stages, and the characteristics of different stages were closely related to crop phenology and the population dynamics of each sub-community. However, fuzzy clustering showed that the general insect community, pest sub-community, and natural enemy sub-community, were divided into three stages (development stage-stationary stage-decline stage), but with differences among each community at each stage. [Conclusion]  Young oil-tree forest has high insect species richness, and its insect community structure is characterized by intermittence, continuity and complexity. The crucial periods for pest management are in mid-May, and from mid to late September.