粘虫、小地老虎和棉铃虫三种鳞翅目害虫上灯行为节律研究
Behavioral rhythms of three Lepidopteran pests; Mythimna separata,Agrotis ypsilon and Helicoverpa armigera
张行国1** 贾艺凡1 温 洋2 张逸飞1 万贵钧1 陈法军1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.023
作者单位：1. 南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，南京210095；2. 山东省济南市济阳县农业局，济阳 251400
中文关键词：鳞翅目迁飞昆虫，种群发生动态，上灯行为节律，种群效应，监测预报
英文关键词： migratory Lepidoptera insects, population occurrence dynamics, behavioral rhythm trapped by blacklamp, species specificity, forecasting and monitoring
中文摘要：【目的】 明确粘虫Mythimna separate (Walker)、小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg)和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (HÜbner) 3种鳞翅目蛾类害虫的上灯行为年度动态及上灯行为节律，为鳞翅目害虫迁飞规律研究奠定基础，服务于鳞翅目迁飞害虫种群暴发的预测预报。【方法】 本研究于2014—2015连续两年利用自主专利“分时段自动诱集装置”对粘虫、小地老虎和棉铃虫3种鳞翅目害虫种群上灯行为节律进行了系统监测研究。【结果】 粘虫、小地老虎和棉铃虫的上灯始见期、上灯最高峰日、日上灯虫量以及年灯诱总虫量年际间差异较大。与2014年相比，2015年粘虫、小地老虎和棉铃虫上灯始见期分别提前13、124、71 d，上灯最高峰日分别提前41、44、71 d，年诱虫总量和上灯最高峰日虫量均明显提高。此外，通过对3种鳞翅目害虫夜间不同时段上灯捕获虫量分析发现，粘虫、小地老虎和棉铃虫的最大上灯高峰出现在凌晨2:00—3:00或3:00—4:00，呈现“多峰型”上灯行为节律，与鳞翅目夜间迁飞性昆虫日出前降落的行为特性一致，并反映出害虫发生高峰期其上灯行为节律的群体效应。【结论】 3种鳞翅目害虫发生年际动态与上灯行为节律均呈现年际变化并具有种的特异性。明确3种鳞翅目害虫的年际动态及上灯行为节律，对其迁飞种群的监测预报提供了科学依据。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To clarify the behavioral rhythms of migratory populations of three species of Lepidopteran pests; Mythimna separate (Walker), Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg) and Helicoverpa armigera (HÜbner), and thereby lay a foundation for studying the migration, and predicting outbreaks of, these pests. [Methods] The behavioral rhythms of the three species of moths were investigated by trapping with an automatic, black-light trapping device from 2010 to 2011. [Results] The results show large differences in the dates of first capture and peaks of species’ abundance, and in the number of individual moths trapped daily, and yearly, between 2014 and 2015. First capture dates of M. separata, A. ypsilon and H. armigera were 13, 124 and 71 days earlier, respectively, and the peaks of abundance of these species occurred 41, 44 and 71 days earlier, respectively, in 2015 than in 2014. Total numbers of moths trapped per year were also higher in 2015 than in 2014. Most moths were trapped from 2:003:00 a.m. or 3:004:00 a.m.; all three species had a diurnal rhythm with multiple peaks of activity. These findings confirm previously reported biological characteristics of some nocturnally migratory Lepidopteran moths, such as resting before sunup, and also reflect group effects on the behavioral rhythm of migratory insects during population outbreaks. [Conclusion] The annual dynamics and daily behavioral rhythms of the three species of M. separata, A. ypsilon and H. armigera had both yearly and species differences. This study can provide a scientific basis for monitoring, forecasting, and providing early warning of outbreaks, of these migratory, insect pests.