【目的】 掌握栎空腔瘿蜂Trichagalma acutissimae (Monzen)自然种群的时空数量变动规律及不同生态因子对其种群发生数量的影响，为该虫预测预报和综合治理提供依据。【方法】 2012—2016年，采用系统调查方法，调查栎空腔瘿蜂的在不同年份种群数量变化以及坡位、坡向、海拔等生态因子对有性世代和无性世代虫瘿发生数量的影响。【结果】 （1）坡位、坡向对其有性世代和无性世代虫瘿发生数量影响不显著；（2）随着海拔高度升高，有性世代及无性世代虫瘿数量逐渐下降；（3）幼龄林距离成龄林越远，无性世代虫瘿密度越小；（4）不同年份间无性世代虫瘿数量差异显著；（5）回归分析表明，2012年有性世代虫瘿数量与无性世代虫瘿数量关系为：y = 15.80x + 46.85，r=0.939，2013年有性世代虫瘿数量与无性世代虫瘿数量关系为：y = 2.128x-2.186，r=0.930。【结论】 栎空腔瘿蜂在南太行山区有其适宜的分布范围，分布适生区是在海拔500~800 m的栓皮栎纯林内；自然状态下，种群向外扩张距离每年不超过1 000 m；不同年份种群数量存在显著差异，4月中旬的极端低温是影响其种群数量消退的重要生态因子。

[Objectives]  To provide a theoretical basis for forecasting outbreaks of Trichagalma acutissimae (Monzen) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), an important pest of Quercus variabilis trees in the Taihang Mountains, China, and to develop integrated pest management methods for this species. [Methods]  The population dynamics and influence of ecological factors, such as slope position, slope aspect and altitude, on sexual and asexual generations of T. acutissimae was systematically studied for five consecutive years between 2012 and 2016. [Results]  (1) Slope position and aspect had little effect on numbers of the sexual and asexual generations; (2) There was a strong, negative relationship between altitude and T. acutissimae abundance; (3) The further young forest was from old forest, the fewer the number of asexual generation galls; (4) There were significant differences in the abundance of T. acutissimae between 2012 and 2013; (5) The equation for a linear model of the relationship between abundance of the sexual generation and altitude in 2012 is: y = 15.80x + 46.85, r=0.939, and the corresponding model for the asexual generation in 2013 is: y = 2.128x - 2.186, r=0.930. [Conclusion]  These models indicate that T. acutissimaeis in the Taihang Mountains is mainly distributed at elevations from 500 to 800m. The rate of expansion of T. acutissimae is no more than 1 000 m a year. Extremely low mid-April temperatures are an important ecological factor affecting the population dynamics of T. acutissimae.