塑料大棚在杨梅园中对斑翅果蝇发生 与危害影响
Effect of greenhouse on the occurrence. and damage caused by, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in bayberry orchards
李如意1** 熊 焰1** 李成云1 李明玥1 胡纯华1 李红艳2 蒋少昆2 何丽
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.090
作者单位：1. 云南农业大学，昆明 650201；2. 云南省石屏县农业和科学技术局，石屏 662200
中文关键词：斑翅果蝇，杨梅园，塑料大棚，发生，危害
英文关键词：Drosophila suzukii, bayberry orchard, greenhouse, occurrence, damage
中文摘要：
【目的】 评价塑料大棚对斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii Matsumura在杨梅Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.发生与危害的影响。【方法】 在杨梅园修建塑料大棚，使用糖醋酒液监测棚内外的种群动态、日活动高峰；使用盐水浸泡果实和果蝇成虫羽化的方法调查棚内外杨梅虫果率。【结果】 在杨梅成熟前，斑翅果蝇种群数量和杨梅虫果率在大棚内外无显著差异。而在杨梅成熟期，棚内的斑翅果蝇数量和杨梅虫果率显著少于棚外的。在果实采摘完成后，棚内斑翅果蝇数量显著多于棚外。田间观察实验显示，斑翅果蝇成虫日活动高峰期在清晨（7:00—9:00）和傍晚时分（17:00—19:00）。这种现象塑料大棚内外一致。【结论】 在果园建立塑料大棚可显著减轻斑翅果蝇的危害。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To evaluate whether greenhouses can reduce the damage caused by the spotted wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, to bayberry, Myrica rubra, crops. [Methods] Greenhouses were built in bayberry orchards one month before the fruit ripened. Adults were trapped using a sweet lure (sugar + vinegar + alcohol + water) to investigate population dynamics and their daily activity patterns both inside and outside greenhouses. Fresh and fallen fruits were collected regularly both inside and outside greenhouses and taken to a laboratory for further examination. Some fruits were immersed in salty water (5%) to determine the Drosophila (including D. suzukii, D. melanogaster and the other Drosophila species) infestation rate and others were kept in the laboratory until insects emerged to determine the D. suzukii infestation rate. [Results] There was no significant difference in the infestation rate, or population dynamics, inside and outside greenhouses before fruits ripened but the infestation rate of fruits inside greenhouses was significantly lower than that outside as fruits began to ripen. Field observations showed that activity peaks of D. suzukii both inside and outside greenhouses were in the early morning (7:00-9:00) and late evening (17:00-19:00). [Conclusion] Growing bayberry in greenhouses can reduce the damage caused by SWD to bayberry fruits.