【目的】 采用叩甲科昆虫的内转录间隔区（ITS-2）片段对叩甲科昆虫部分种类进行系统发育分析，明确各亚科类群间的亲缘关系并同传统分类系统进行比较，验证ITS-2片段是否能用于叩甲科昆虫的分子系统学研究。【方法】 基于叩甲科昆虫的内转录间隔区（ITS-2）片段，对10个亚科69个种类的叩甲进行了系统发育分析。进行系统发育信号检测，计算各亚科之间的遗传距离，采用邻接法、似然法和简约法三种模型构建系统发育树。【结果】 3种方法构建系统发育树结构基本一致，各亚科都能被很好的聚类，且各亚科间遗传距离符合传统分类学观点。同时，分析结果也支持对传统分类系统进行修改：尖鞘叩甲亚科Oxynopterinae和异角叩甲亚科Pityobiinae被聚入齿胸叩甲亚科Denticollinae，建议将尖鞘叩甲亚科和异角叩甲亚科同齿胸叩甲亚科合并；槽缝叩甲亚科Agrypninae和单叶叩甲亚科Conoderinae并入萤叩甲亚科Pyrophorinae；梳爪叩甲类群Melanotinae被聚类到叩甲亚科Elaterinae内，建议将梳爪叩甲亚科并入叩甲亚科。【结论】 分析结果显示，ITS-2片段适用于叩甲科昆虫低级分类阶元的系统发育分析，各亚科之间的亲缘关系符合传统的分类学观点，但聚类结果也有同传统分类系统有所不同，可为分类系统的修改提供依据。

 [Objectives]  To conduct phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-2 fragment of some click beetle (Elateridae) species to determine the genetic relationship among subfamilies, validate the traditional taxonomy, and verify whether the ITS-2 fragment is useful for molecular phylogenetic research on the Elateridae. [Methods]  Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-2 fragment of 69 species of 10 Elateridae subfamilies was conducted. Phylogenetic signal detection was carried out to calculate the genetic distance between subfamilies, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the adjacency, likelihood, and parsimony, methods. [Results]  Trees constructed by all three methods were basically the same, subfamilies were all clearly clustered, and the genetic distances between subfamilies were in accordance with the traditional taxonomy. However, the results also support modifications of the traditional taxonomy, specifically merging the Oxynopterinae and Pityobiinae with the Denticollinae, the Agrypninae and Conoderinae with the Pyrophorinae, and the Melanotinae with the Elaterinae. [Conclusion]  The results show that the ITS-2 fragment is suitable for low-level classification of the Elaterinae and the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies accords with the traditional taxonomy. However, the clustering results differ from the traditional taxonomy and provide a basis for revising the taxonomy of this group.