甘蔗和玉米挥发物差异及其对亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食行为的调控作用
Regulatory effects of different sugarcane and maize leaf volatiles on the feeding behavior of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) larvae
蒋兴川1, 2, 3** 董文霞2 肖 春2 陈 斌2 严乃胜2 操海群1*** 李
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.096
作者单位：1. 安徽农业大学植物保护学院，合肥 230036；2. 云南农业大学植物保护学院，云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室， 农业生物多样性与病害控制教育部重点实验室，昆明 650201；3. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所， 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193
中文关键词：甘蔗，玉米，亚洲玉米螟，植物挥发物，取食行为
英文关键词：sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), plant volatiles, feeding behavior
中文摘要：
【目的】 植物挥发物在昆虫行为中发挥着重要的作用，通过研究甘蔗Saccharum officinarum套作玉米Zea mays系统中植物挥发物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)幼虫取食行为的影响，将为利用化学生态手段防治亚洲玉米螟提供依据。【方法】 通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析了甘蔗分蘖期、玉米拔节期的叶片挥发物，并利用行为实验测定了20种化合物（5×10﹣3、5×10﹣4、5×10﹣5、5×10﹣6 g/mL）对亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食行为的影响。【结果】 甘蔗和玉米的叶片挥发物成分存在差异，甘蔗分蘖期、玉米拔节期叶片中依次分离出49种、52种化合物，其中在甘蔗和玉米叶片中均存在的化合物有43种，甘蔗特有化合物有6种，而玉米特有化合物有9种。甘蔗和玉米的挥发物种类主要包括绿叶气味、萜类和脂肪族化合物（醛类、酮类、酸类、醇类、酯类、酰胺类和烃类），且这些化合物的含量在甘蔗和玉米之间存在着差异，但均以烃类化合物的含量最高。顺-罗勒烯、癸酸、二十七烷、二十九烷对初孵幼虫取食表现引诱活性，壬醛、壬酸、十四烷酸异丙酯、十六烷酸甲酯、二十四烷、二十八烷对初孵幼虫取食行为具有驱避作用。【结论】 甘蔗和玉米的叶片挥发物成分存在差异，差异的化合物对亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫的取食行为具有调控作用。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Plant volatiles play an important role in insect behavior. How plant volatiles affect the feeding behavior of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) larvae in a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and maize (Zea mays) intercropping system was investigated to provide information to improve control of these pests. [Methods] Leaf volatiles collected during the sugarcane tiller and maize elongation stages were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of four doses (5×10﹣3, 5×10﹣4, 5×10﹣5, 5×10﹣6 g/mL) of 20 different compounds on larval feeding behavior were then investigated. [Results] Leaf volatiles of sugarcane and maize were extracted, and 49 and 52 compounds produced during the sugarcane tiller and maize elongation stages, respectively, were identified. Among these compounds, 43 were extracted from both sugarcane and maize leaves. A further 6 compounds were only found in sugarcane leaves and 9 compounds were only found in maize leaves. The volatiles identified were green leaf volatiles, terpenoids, aliphatic compound (aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, amides, and hydrocarbons), the amounts of which differed between sugarcane leaves and maize leaves. However, hydrocarbons were the most abundant volatile produced by both sugarcane and maize leaves. (Z)-ocimene, decanoic acid, heptacosane and nonacosane were significantly more attractive to Asian corn borer larvae than the control substance, whereas nonanal, nonanoic acid, isopropyl myristate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, tetracosane and octacosane repelled larvae. [Conclusion] Leaf volatiles produced by sugarcane and maize differ, and these differences can affect the feeding behavior of first-instar Asian corn borer larvae.