异色瓢虫对枸杞木虱田间控害作用
Effectiveness of Harmonia axyridis as a natural enemy for controlling Poratrioza sinica Yang & Li in the feild
欧阳浩永1, 2** 巫鹏翔1, 2 徐 婧1 张 蓉3 何 嘉3 张润志1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.119
作者单位：1. 中国科学院动物研究所，北京 100101；2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；3. 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所，银川 750002
中文关键词：异色瓢虫，枸杞木虱，控害作用
英文关键词：Harmonia axyridis, Poratrioza sinica Yang & Li, control effect
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了测定异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica Yang & Li田间控害作用。【方法】 在自然生长区分别测定枸杞木虱4种虫态田间种群动态，并在天敌释放区利用罩笼移笼法研究异色瓢虫对枸杞木虱控害关键期。【结果】 自然生长区枸杞木虱卵、1~2龄若虫、3~5龄若虫、成虫在4月23日到10月24日期间均发生3代，枸杞木虱平均量为（71.0±11.8）头/叶。天敌释放区不罩笼与始终罩笼处理下枸杞木虱平均量为（41.1±6.8）头/叶与（115.1±18.7）头/叶，分别为自然生长区0.58倍与1.62倍。异色瓢虫对枸杞木虱卵、1~2龄若虫、3~5龄若虫、成虫控害关键期分别为：6月20日、7月11日、5月23日与8月8日、6月13日与9月19日，控害效果分别为：67%、75%、57%与76%、48%与79%；异色瓢虫释放密度分别为：（3.0±1.0）、（4.0±1.2）、（4.3±0.7）头/株与（3.0±1.0）、（3.7±0.9）、（3.0±1.0）头/株。【结论】 研究表明，异色瓢虫田间释放应根据对枸杞木虱不同虫态的防治需要，选择适宜的时间点与释放密度进行田间控害枸杞木虱。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] This research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Harmonia axyridis as a natural enemy for controlling Poratrioza sinica Yang & Li in the field. [Methods] The population dynamics of 4 stages of P. sinica were investigated in the field and the critical dates for controlling these 4 stages with H. axyridis were investigated using predator exclosures. [Results] Eggs, 1st-2nd instar nymphs, 3rd-5th instar nymphs and adults of P. sinica, had 3 generations from 23 April to 24 October. The average abundance of P. sinica was (71.0±11.8) per leaf. The average abundance of P. sinica inside, and outside, predator exclosures were (115.1±18.7) and (41.1±6.8) per leaf, respectively, which were, respectively, 1.62 and 0.58 times the species’ natural abundance in the field. The critical dates for controlling eggs, 1st-2nd instar nymphs, 3rd-5th instar nymphs, and adults, of P. sinica with H. axyridis were 20 June, 11 July, 23 May and 8 August, 13 June, and 19 September, respectively. The release of H. axyridis reduced the abundance of these life stages by 67%, 75%, 57% and 76%, 48%, and 79%, respectively. The post-release density of H. axyridis on each of the above dates was (3.0±1.0), (4.0±1.2), (4.3±0.7) and (3.0±1.0), (3.7±0.9), and (3.0±1.0) per plant, respectively. [Conclusion] Successive releases of H. axyridis should be done to control different instars of P. sinica. The release of suitable densities of H. axyridis at the right time can effectively control P. sinica in the field.