大脑和行为的左右非对称性一直以来被认为是人类特有的，现在广泛存在于脊椎动物中，而近期又发现无脊椎动物中也存在行为偏侧性。近年来大量研究表明，群居型昆虫的嗅觉行为和大脑的非对称性表现在种群水平上，少数散居型昆虫行为的非对称性往往表现在个体水平上。当前，昆虫行为的单侧性是一个重要的研究领域，有助于对生物多样性中单侧性的早期起源有一个更深刻的认识，对探索昆虫进化发展具有重要的科学意义。对大多数昆虫而言，行为的偏侧性都是通过对触角的左右非对称性研究来实现的，触角作为昆虫感觉系统的重要组成部分，在昆虫寄主定位、识别、取食、觅偶、交配、繁殖、栖息、防御与迁移、稳定飞行速率等社会性行为过程中起着极为重要的作用。本文回顾了国内外膜翅目、双翅目、半翅目、蜚蠊目和直翅目昆虫行为非对称性研究的最新进展，有助于分析不同种类昆虫在进化历史上的相似性以及探讨昆虫在个体水平和群体水平上的进化差异。

 It is now recognized that left-right asymmetries in both the brain and behavior, which have long been considered unique to the human species, are widespread among vertebrates. Recently, evidence of behavioral lateralization in invertebrates has also begun to appear. Very recent studies have shown population level asymmetry in olfactory behavior and the brain of gregarious insects, and there are also a few examples of asymmetric behavior at the individual level in solitary insects. Currently, the unilateral behavior of insects is an important research field that could contribute to understanding the early origin of unilaterality, and for exploring the evolutionary development of insects. In most insects, behavioral lateralization has been investigated by research on the asymmetry of the left-right antenna. The antennae are an important part of insect sensory system and play a key role in aspects of social behavior, such as host location, host recognition, feeding, searching, mating, breeding, defense and migration, and stabilizing flying velocity. This paper reviews the latest developments in the study of asymmetry in insects, including the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Blattaria and Orthoptera, both in China and elsewhere. Such research is conducive both to the analysis of convergent evolution in different kinds of insects and the evolutionary divergence of insects at the population and individual levels.