【目的】 为明确水稻条纹叶枯病毒（Rice stripe virus，RSV）侵染对灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus（Fallén）生长发育的影响，本文比较研究了带毒与无毒灰飞虱发育历期及寿命、卵巢发育及体内相关酶活力等生物学特征和生理生化指标间的差异。【方法】 利用单管饲养法，比较分析了带毒与无毒灰飞虱若虫历期与成虫寿命；通过解剖灰飞虱卵巢，观察并统计不同卵子级别与数量，研究携带RSV病毒对灰飞虱卵巢发育的影响；利用多种酶活力测定方法，比较带毒与无毒灰飞虱若虫期5种相关酶活力的差异。【结果】 无毒灰飞虱雌、雄若虫历期分别为（16.30 ± 0.33）d和（15.62 ± 0.21）d；带毒灰飞虱雌、雄若虫历期分别为（19.08 ± 0.43） d和（18.50 ± 0.58） d，表明RSV侵染显著延缓了灰飞虱若虫的生长发育（t-test， P < 0.001）；而无毒灰飞虱雌、雄成虫寿命分别为（10.74 ± 0.81）d和（14.46 ± 1.34）d；带毒灰飞虱雌、雄成虫寿命分别为（9.09 ± 1.27）d和（13.55 ± 2.38）d，表明RSV侵染对灰飞虱成虫发育没有显著影响。解剖羽化后的灰飞虱卵巢经统计分析后，发现RSV侵染后灰飞虱的卵巢发育及卵子发生并未受到明显影响。对发育至3龄若虫后12、24、120 h的无毒与带毒灰飞虱进行相关的酶活力测定，包括保护酶系超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD、过氧化氢酶CAT、解毒酶系谷胱甘肽-S转移酶GST和乙酰胆碱酯酶AchE，发现RSV侵染对灰飞虱体内相关生化酶活力大小无明显影响，但可改变酶活力的变化趋势。【结论】 RSV侵染显著延长灰飞虱若虫发育历期，但对成虫的寿命和卵巢发育无明显影响，对体内保护、解毒等相关代谢酶活力大小没有显著影响，但却可以改变酶活力的变化趋势，推测RSV与灰飞虱不存在典型的互惠互利关系。

 [Objectives]  To investigate how infection with the rice stripe virus affects biological characteristics of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, including development, ovarian development and enzyme activity. [Methods]  The single-tube rearing method was used to measure the duration of the developmental period, nymph period, and adult longevity, of the small planthopper (SBPH). Enzyme activity assays were used to compare the activity of five physiological protection and detoxification enzymes in nymphs and adults, and the effect of RSV infection on ovarian development was studied by counting the number of eggs in infected and uninfected females. [Results]  The uninfected female and male nymph periods were (16.30 ± 0.33 ) days and (15.62 ± 0.21) days, respectively, compared to (19.08 ± 0.43) days and (18.50 ± 0.58) days, respectively for infected female and male nymphs. A paired t-test indicates that RSV infection significantly prolonged the duration of the nymph period (P < 0.001). The longevity of uninfected female and male adults was (10.74 ± 0.81) days and (14.46 ± 1.34) days, respectively, compared to (9.09 ± 1.27) days and (13.55 ± 2.38) days for infected female and male adults. Results of a paired t-test indicate that RSV infection did not significantly affect adult development (P > 0.05). Ovarian development and oogenesis were not significantly affected by infection with RSV. Activity assays for protective enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were carried out on infected and uninfected 3^rd instar nymphs at 12, 24 and 120 hours. The results indicate that RSV infection does not significantly affect enzyme activity other than causing slight variation in trends of enzyme activity over time. [Conclusion]  RSV affects the development of SBPH nymphs, but not other biological characteristics of the SBPH, such as immune system and ovarian development. In addition to prolonging the duration of the nymph period and slightly affecting variation in the trend of enzyme activity, there is no obvious reciprocal and mutually beneficial relationship between the SBPH and the RSV.