地中海粉斑螟卵饲喂的异色瓢虫 对豆蚜捕食作用评价
Effectiveness of Harmonia axyridis Pallas reared on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs as a biological control for Aphis craccivora Koch
孙 莉1, 2, 3, 4** 陈 霞1, 2, 3 ,4 张艳璇1, 2, 3, 4***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.008
作者单位：1. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所，福州 350002；2. 福建省农作物害虫天敌资源工程技术研究中心，福州 350002； 3. 福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室，福州 350002；4. 农业部福州作物有害生物科学观测实验站，福州 350002
中文关键词：异色瓢虫；地中海粉斑螟卵；豆蚜；捕食作用
英文关键词： Harmonia axyridis Pallas; eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller; Aphis craccivora Koch; predatory effect
中文摘要：【目的】 以地中海粉螟Ephestia kuehniella Zeller卵为饲料人工繁育的异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis Pallas为对象，测定其对豆蚜Aphis craccivora Koch的最佳寻找密度和捕食功能，明确不同饲料处理对异色瓢虫控害能力的影响，为其大量繁殖应用提供依据。【方法】 室内测定分别饲喂不同处理地中海粉斑螟卵和豆蚜的异色瓢虫成虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应及寻找效应。【结果】 不同处理的异色瓢虫成虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ型模型，取食新鲜卵、紫外线杀灭卵、冷冻卵、冷冻卵加蜂蜜、豆蚜的异色瓢虫对豆蚜的理论日最大捕食量分别为88.20、97.73、78.64、101.81、107.70只，各处理间无显著性差异；相同猎物密度下，各处理的异色瓢虫寻找效应相近；在无竞争状态下最佳寻找密度以豆蚜处理最大，为31.89只，紫外线处理卵、冷冻卵加蜂蜜处理次之（30.40只，30.27只）。【结论】 与饲喂豆蚜处理相比，地中海粉斑螟卵饲养的异色瓢虫成虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应模型无影响，仅会影响数值，但是冷冻卵加蜂蜜的处理，捕食功能各指标与豆蚜处理最为相近，且冷冻卵易保存易使用，可在大量饲养中采用。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To assess the
effectiveness of Harmonia axyridis Pallas,
reared on Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs, as a biological control for adult bean aphids, Aphis craccivora Koch, and determine
the optimum H. axyridis release
density required for effective biological control of this aphid. [Methods] The predatory efficiency of H. axyridis reared on either E. kuehniella eggs or aphids, on adult bean aphids, A. craccivora, was assessed in a
laboratory. [Results] Predation by newly emerged H. axyridis adults
on A. craccivora was of the Holling-Ⅱtype. The theoretical maximum predation rates of H. axyridis reared on
fresh eggs, UV-killed eggs, frozen eggs , frozen eggs with honey, or aphids,
were 88.20, 97.73, 78.64, 101.81, 107.70 prey·d-1, respectively, and there was no
significant difference between these 5 treatments in average predation rate on aphids. At the same prey density, the search efficiency of H. axyridis reared on these five different diets was also very similar. After
fitting the new Holling functional response model, the highest possible H. axyridis density without inter-specific competition, 31.89, was the best
for biological control of aphids. [Conclusion] H.
axyridis adults raised on E. kuehniella eggs could control aphids as well as those
raised on aphids and the predatory functional response model of both groups was
of the Holling-Ⅱtype. The parameters of the predation function of H. axyridis fed on frozen eggs with honey were most similar to those of the
control. Therefore, in terms of predation efficiency, frozen eggs with honey
are the best diet for H. axyridis.
Frozen eggs are easy to preserve and therefore suitable for the large-scale
production of H. axyridis.